Binary Tshuab xam zauv: 11 Cov kauj ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Txheej txheem cej luam:

Txij li thawj qhov kev tsim ntawm lub qhov rooj logic hauv xyoo pua 20th, kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim thiab tam sim no nws yog ib qho ntawm qhov yooj yim tseem tsis tau tseem ceeb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ntau qhov kev thov sib txawv. Tus lej Binary yuav tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov khoom raws li cov tswv yim thiab suav qhov suav thiab rho tawm uas siv ntau lub rooj logic

Lub Hom Phiaj:

Txhawm rau muab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Boolean logic, rooj vag, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev paub nrog kev siv cov rooj vag logic thiab cov txheej txheem binary. Txhawm rau suav qhov suav thiab rho tawm ntawm ob tus lej 4-ntsis

Lub Hom Phiaj:

Hobbyist, Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Zoo Siab, Cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab.

Khoom siv

Cheebtsam Siv*:

4 x 74LS08 TTL Quad 2-input THIAB rooj vag PID: 7243

4 x 4070 Quad 2-input XOR rooj vag PID: 7221

4 x 74LS32 Quad 2-input LOS YOG rooj vag PID: 7250

2 x 74LS04 Hex Inverter rooj vag PID: 7241

1 x BreadBoard PID: 10700

22 AWG, Cov Tub Ntxhais Hluav Taws Xob PID: 224900

8 x ¼w 1k Resistors PID: 9190

8 x ¼w 560 Resistor PID: 91447 (tsis xav tau yog tias muaj txaus 1k resistors)

4 x DIP Hloov PID: 367

1 x 5V 1A Hwj chim Adapter Cen+ PID: 1453 (*Siab Amperage lossis Center - tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si)

5 x LED 5mm, PID Daj: 551 (Xim tsis cuam tshuam)

5 x LED 5mm, Ntsuab PID: 550 (Xim tsis cuam tshuam)

1 x 2.1mm Jack rau Ob Qhov Chaw PID: 210272 (#210286 tuaj yeem hloov tau)

4 x 8-pin IC Socket PID: 2563

Yeem:

Digital Multimeter PID: 10924

Ntsia Hlau PID: 102240

Tweezer, Lub Tswv Yim Ntsis PID: 1096

Plier, PID: 10457 (Pom zoo heev)

*Txhua tus lej teev tseg saum toj no cuam tshuam nrog Lee Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob 'ID khoom

Kauj Ruam 1: Teeb Lub Hwj Huam Fais Fab (Adder)

*Adder yog dab tsi ???

Txij li thaum peb tab tom yuav ua kom muaj zog tag nrho cov hluav taws xob siv lub thoob fais fab, peb yuav xav tau cais qhov zoo thiab hauv av. Nco ntsoov tias peb tab tom ua haujlwm nrog lub chaw pabcuam lub zog zoo (+ sab hauv & - sab nraum), yog li ntawd + yuav tsum tawm los ua qhov zoo (qhov no RED) thiab - yuav tsum yog hauv av (Dub).

Txuas txoj kab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau txhua tus ntawm txoj kab ntsug. Yog li IC chips tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim tsis muaj xov hlau mus txhua qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 2: Teeb DIP Hloov (Adder)

Ob txoj haujlwm 4-txoj kab nqes tau muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm 8-pin IC lub qhov (socket) kom ntseeg tau tias tuav tau ruaj khov ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau hauv qab txoj kab hluav taws xob. Ntawm lwm sab ntawm qhov hloov pauv, peb tab tom tso tus nqi tsis ncaj ncees resistors* (Kuv siv 1k thiab ob 560 hauv koob)

Kauj Ruam 3: Cov Resistors No Rau Dab Tsi ???

Lawv hu ua "Pull-Up" lossis "Pull-Down" resistors nyob ntawm qhov teeb tsa.

Peb siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no vim qee yam hu ua "Floating Effect".

Zoo li daim duab ntawm sab xis saum toj, thaum qhov hloov pauv raug kaw, cov dej ntws tam sim no tsis muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov hloov pauv tau qhib, peb tsis muaj lub tswv yim los qhia yog tias cov tswv yim muaj qhov hluav taws xob txaus los txiav txim lub xeev thiab cov txiaj ntsig no hu ua "Floating Effect". Lub xeev cov laj thawj tau sawv cev los ntawm ob qib kev ua haujlwm nrog ib qho hluav taws xob qis dua ib qib suav tias yog logic 0, thiab ib qho hluav taws xob siab dua lwm qib suav tias yog logic 1, tab sis tus pin nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem qhia nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv yim logic yog 1 lossis 0 vim tias zoo li qub lossis suab nrov ib puag ncig.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov ntab ntab, peb siv rub-nce lossis nqis resistors zoo li daim duab nyob sab laug.

Kauj Ruam 4: Teeb Lub Logic Rooj vag (Adder)

Muab XOR, THIAB, LOS YOG, XOR, THIAB rooj vag feem (4070, 74LS08, 74LS32, 4070 thiab 74LS08). Txuas tus pin 14 ntawm txhua tus nti rau txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau zoo thiab tus pin 7 rau hauv txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau kom qhib cov logic chips.

Kauj Ruam 5: Hlau Logic Rooj vag (Adder)

Raws li cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, xaim lub rooj vag kom haum. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom tias thawj lub tswv yim nqa me ntsis yog xoom, yog li nws tuaj yeem yooj yim rau hauv av.

Vim tias peb tab tom ua 4-ntsis ADDER, cov khoom nqa tawm yuav siv tas li mus rau cov khoom nqa ntawm lwm FULL ADDER kom txog thaum peb mus rau chav kawg.

*Nco tseg tias ntxiv LED ntawm tus pin 8 ntawm lub qhov rooj OR sawv cev rau qhov kawg CARRY. Nws yuav tsuas yog teeb thaum qhov kev suav ntawm ob tus lej 4-ntsis tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev nrog 4-khoom ntxiv

Kauj Ruam 6: Teeb LEDs rau Cov Tawm (Adder)

Qhov tso tawm me ntsis los ntawm thawj FULL ADDER yuav ncaj qha mus rau kev sib txuas raws li LSB (Qhov Tsawg Yam Tseem Ceeb) ntawm qhov tso tawm.

Qhov tso tawm me ntsis los ntawm qhov FULL ADDER thib ob yuav raug txuas mus rau qhov thib ob los ntawm sab xis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam.

*Tsis zoo li tus qauv ¼ watt resistors peb siv los rub qis, cov LEDs yog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws xob ntws teeb meem (vim tias lawv yog diodes). Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias peb txuas cov ceg ntev ntawm LED kom txuas rau lub zog thiab luv dua rau hauv av.

Qhov kawg, qhov kawg CARRY me ntsis txuas nrog tus pin 8 ntawm LOSSIS lub rooj vag. Uas sawv cev nqa los ntawm MSB (Qhov Tseem Ceeb Tshaj Plaws) thiab nws yuav tso cai rau peb suav ob qho 4-ntsis binary lej.

(nws yuav tsuas yog teeb yog tias cov lej suav ntau dua 1111 hauv binary)

Kauj Ruam 7: Teeb Lub Hwj Huam Fais Fab (Rho Tawm)

*Tus rho tawm yog dab tsi

Tib lub zog siv tau tuaj yeem siv lub zog SUBTRACTOR.

Kauj Ruam 8: Teeb DIP Hloov

Zoo ib yam li Adder.

Kauj Ruam 9: Teeb Lub Logic Rooj vag (Tus Rho Npe)

Txawm hais tias txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua raws, cov lej rho tawm xav tau TSIS lub qhov rooj kom siv ua ntej nws txau rau THIAB rooj vag. Yog li, hauv qhov no, Kuv tau tso XOR, TSIS, THIAB, LOS YOG, XOR, TSIS thiab THIAB (4070, 74LS04, 74LS08, 74LS32, 4070, 74LS04 thiab 74LS08).

Vim tias qhov txwv ntawm tus qauv loj lub khob cij muaj qhov ntev ntawm 63 qhov, THIAB txuas nrog rau saum.

Raws li peb tau ua rau ADDER, txuas tus pin 14 ntawm cov logic chips rau txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau zoo thiab tus pin 7 rau hauv av kom qhib cov chips.

Kauj Ruam 10: Hlau Logic Rooj vag (Tus Lej Tawm)

Raws li cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, xaim lub rooj vag kom haum. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom tias thawj qhov kev nkag nkag qiv me ntsis yog xoom, yog li nws tuaj yeem yooj yim rau hauv av.

Vim tias peb tab tom ua 4-ntsis SUBTRACTOR, cov nyiaj qiv tawm yuav siv tas li rau cov nyiaj qiv ntawm lwm tus SUBTRACTOR kom txog thaum peb mus txog chav kawg.

*Nco ntsoov tias LED ntxiv ntawm tus pin 8 ntawm lub qhov rooj OR sawv cev rau qhov qiv me ntsis kawg. Nws yuav tsuas yog taws thaum rho tawm ntawm ob tus lej 4-ntsis sawv cev rau tus lej tsis zoo.

Kauj Ruam 11: Teeb LEDS rau Cov Lus Tso Tawm

Qhov tso tawm me ntsis los ntawm thawj SUBTRACTOR yuav ncaj qha mus rau kev sib txuas raws li LSB (Qhov Tsawg Yam Tseem Ceeb) ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim.

Qhov tso tawm me ntsis los ntawm SUBTRACTOR thib ob yuav raug txuas mus rau qhov me ntsis thib ob los ntawm sab xis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum kawg, qhov kawg BORROW me ntsis txuas nrog tus pin 8 ntawm LOSSIS lub rooj vag. Uas sawv cev rau BORROW mus rau MSB ntawm cov minuend. Qhov LED no tsuas yog qhib yog tias Subtrahend ntau dua li Minuend. Txij li thaum peb suav nrog hauv binary, cov cim tsis zoo tsis muaj nyob; yog li, tus lej tsis zoo yuav suav hauv 2 qhov ua tiav ntawm nws daim ntawv zoo. Txoj hauv kev no, kev rho tawm ntawm ob tus lej 4-ntsis tuaj yeem ua tiav.