Raug Rho Tawm Ntev thiab Astro-Photography Siv Raspberry Pi: 13 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Astrophotography yog kev yees duab ntawm cov khoom siv hnub qub, xwm txheej saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, thiab thaj tsam ntawm ntuj hmo ntuj. Sib nrug los ntawm kev sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lub Hli, Hnub, thiab lwm lub ntiaj teb, astrophotography muaj peev xwm ntes cov khoom tsis pom rau tib neeg qhov muag xws li cov hnub qub dim, nebulae, thiab galaxies. Qhov no ua rau peb txaus siab vim tias cov txiaj ntsig tau txais yog qhov xav tsis thoob thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj ntev.

Txhawm rau nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm lub koob yees duab ib txwm, peb txiav txim siab los tsim thiab tsim cov raspberry pi powered module uas tuaj yeem txuas rau lub koob yees duab DSLR. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws yees duab los teeb tsa qee qhov kev hloov pauv yog li siv lub txheej txheem kev ntes mus ntev ntev. Lwm yam tshaj li astrophotography tseem nyob, qhov qauv no tuaj yeem tsim cov hnub qub taug kev siv kev pab los ntawm cov phiaj xwm inbuilt thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim lub sijhawm-lapses.

Ua raws li kev tsim koj tus kheej tus qauv thiab coj cov duab zoo ntawm hmo ntuj. Ua qhov pov npav hauv Kev Sib Tw Raspberry-Pi txhawm rau txhawb nqa peb txoj haujlwm.

Kauj ruam 1: Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Module

Txoj haujlwm uas peb tau ua haujlwm peb yam txheej txheem sib txawv:

Pem hauv ntej -kawg ntawm daim ntawv thov, lossis cov duab siv sib tham - qhov no yog qhov uas tus neeg siv yuav siv los cuam tshuam thiab tswj hwm tus qauv

Tswj lub koob yees duab - qhov no yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm uas yog lub luag haujlwm ua rau lub koob yees duab raug lub sijhawm kom raug rau lub sijhawm

Ua cov duab - qhov no yog ntu ntu ntawm txoj haujlwm uas muaj lub luag haujlwm sib koom ua ke thiab sib koom ua ke cov duab coj mus rau hauv lub hnub qub -txoj kev zoo nkauj duab lossis hauv cov vis dis aus ncua sijhawm

GUI sau cov kev ntsuas xws li lub sijhawm sib nrug ntawm cov duab thiab lub sijhawm pom ntawm lub koob yees duab los ntawm tus neeg siv. Tom qab ntawv nws qhia lub koob yees duab kom ntes cov duab raws li cov xwm txheej no. Thaum tag nrho cov duab raug ntes tom qab ua tiav qhov chaw. Thiab qhov txiaj ntsig kawg yog khaws cia rau hauv raspberry pi lub cim xeeb sab hauv rau tus neeg siv nkag tau los ntawm huab lossis hauv zos.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xav Tau

Cov cuab yeej kho vajtse rau txoj haujlwm no yooj yim heev, cov npe hauv qab no suav nrog txhua yam ntaub ntawv xav tau.

Electronics thiab Kho Vajtse:

• Raspberry Pi
• LCD Kov Zaub
• M3 ntsia liaj qhov rooj x 8
• M3 Cov Khoom Kub Kub x 8
• Lub koob yees duab uas muaj nyob hauv cov npe hauv qab no (https://www.gphoto.org/proj/libgphoto2/support.php)
• Tus Qauv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob los ua kom lub zog nyob hauv thaj chaw uas lub ntsaws yuav tsis yooj yim nkag tau

Kev ua haujlwm thiab teeb tsa raspberry pi yuav xav tau ob peb yam khoom siv ntxiv:

• Mouse thiab keyboard
• Ib sab nraud saib HDMI

Kauj Ruam 3: 3D Luam Qhov Chaw

Peb 3d luam tawm ib rooj plaub los tuav tag nrho cov khoom siv thiab tsim ib qho clamp los teeb tsa tus qauv ntawm ib qho chaw zaum. Cov ntu siv sijhawm kwv yees li 20 teev ntawm lub sijhawm luam ntawv thiab peb tau txuas cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv STL hauv qab no.

• Raspberry Pi Case x 1, 20% ntxiv
• Npog x1, 20% infill
• Tripod Mount x 1, 40% ntxiv
• Tripod Clamp x 1, 40% ntxiv

Thaum cov ntawv luam tawm tau npaj tiav, ib tus tuaj yeem ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua kom sov tso rau hauv

Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov yas mounting qhov, peb tau tso cov cua sov tso rau hauv. Siv cov hlau txhuam maj mam thawb rau hauv qhov ntxig kom txog thaum lawv yaug nrog saum npoo. Rov ua dua cov txheej txheem rau yim qhov kev teeb tsa thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau yooj yim thiab nyob ib puag ncig.

Kauj Ruam 5: Txhim Kho Raspberry Pi thiab Screen

Siv M3 ntsia liaj qhov rooj ruaj ntseg raspberry pi nyob hauv qhov chaw siv qhov sib dhos sib dhos. Tom qab ntawd ntsaws rau hauv cov zaub los ntawm kev kho tus pin txuas. Thaum kawg, tso lub hau npog rau ntawm lub vijtsam thiab khawm cov ntsia hlau. Tam sim no tus qauv tau npaj rau software rub tawm.

Kauj Ruam 6: Txuas rau Tripod

Txhawm rau ua kom tus qauv nkag tau yooj yim rau lub koob yees duab, peb txiav txim siab muab nws tso rau ntawm lub koob yees duab. Peb tau tsim qhov kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa uas haum rau tus qauv tsau. Tsuas yog siv ob tus ntsia hlau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Qhov no tso cai rau ib tus los txuas thiab tshem tus qauv tau yooj yim.

Kauj Ruam 7: Teeb tsa Raspberry Pi's Operating System

Raspberry pi ntawm tus qauv ua haujlwm Debian raws li kev ua haujlwm hu ua Raspbian. Raws li lub sijhawm Qhia Ntawv, qhov hloov tshiab kawg ntawm OS yog Raspbian Buster, uas yog qhov peb txiav txim siab siv. OS tuaj yeem rub tawm siv qhov txuas hauv qab no. (Raspbian Buster OS) Nco ntsoov rub tawm qhov kev xaiv uas hais tias "Raspbian Buster nrog lub desktop thiab pom zoo software" vim qee qhov software pom zoo yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txoj haujlwm no. Thaum cov zipped nplaub tshev raug rub tawm, koj yuav xav tau daim npav micro SD nrog nco txog li 16 txog 32 GB.

Txhawm rau nyem SD-daim npav nrog OS, peb pom zoo siv Balena Etcher software, vim nws yooj yim siv. Nws tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm qhov txuas hauv qab no. (Balena Etcher) Thaum koj qhib lub software, koj yuav raug qhia kom xaiv cov zipped nplaub tshev uas koj nyuam qhuav rub tawm, tom qab ntawd ntsaws daim npav SD rau hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj, thiab lub software yuav tsum tau txiav tawm, thaum kawg nyem rau ntawm lub cim nyem. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum siv 2 mus rau 3 feeb. Thaum ua tiav, tshem tawm daim npav nco thiab ntsaws nws rau hauv koj lub raspberry pi.

Txuas lub raspberry pi mus rau tus saib sab nraud siv HDMI cable, thiab txuas tus nas thiab keyboard ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj. Thaum kawg, fais fab pi siv lub micro-USB chaw nres nkoj thiab 5v adapter, thiab pi yuav tsum pib txheej txheem pib. Tom qab ntawd OS yuav taug kev koj los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab thiab ntau yam ntxiv, xws li txuas rau lub wireless network thiab teeb tsa hnub thiab sijhawm, yooj yim ua raws. Thaum cov txheej txheem tiav, koj tau teeb tsa OS ntawm koj tus pi thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem siv nws ua lub khoos phis tawj qub.

Kauj Ruam 8: Tsev Qiv Ntawv Ntxiv thiab Xav Tau

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, raspberry pi xav tau qee lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab kev vam khom raug teeb tsa. Nov yog cov npe ntawm lawv txhua tus (ceeb toom: peb siv sej 3 rau txoj haujlwm no thiab peb pom zoo kom koj ua tib yam):

• Tkinter (qhov no los inbuilt thaum koj rub tawm nab hab sej)
• PIL (qhov no kuj tseem tau teeb tsa ua ntej nrog nab hab sej)
• sh ua
• QhibCV
• gphoo 2

Ua ntej txhim kho ib pob khoom peb pom zoo hloov kho raspberry pi's OS siv cov lus txib sudo apt-tau hloov tshiab. Lub tsev qiv ntawv sh tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab teeb tsa los ntawm qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:

sudo pip3 nruab sh

Txhawm rau nruab pob gphoto2 tsuas yog siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:

sudo apt-tau nruab gphoto2

Rub tawm thiab teeb tsa pob OpenCV yog txheej txheem me ntsis ntxiv. Peb pom zoo siv cov kab ntawv txuas hauv qab no, uas coj koj mus dhau cov kauj ruam thiab muab tag nrho cov lus txib hauv qhov nthuav dav: https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/09/26/install-opencv-4-on-your-raspberry- pib/

Kauj Ruam 9: Cov Tsav Tsheb Ntxiv rau Onboard Touchscreen Display

Lub onboard kov screen xav tau qee qhov yooj yim teeb tsa rau nws kom ua haujlwm. Fais fab raspberry pi thiab qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:

• sudo rm -rf LCD -qhia
• git clone
• chmod -R 755 LCD -qhia
• cd LCD-qhia/
• sudo./LCD35- qhia

Thaum koj nkag mus rau lo lus txib kawg, koj tus saib sab nraud yuav tsum tsis muaj dab tsi thiab pi yuav tsum tau khau raj thiab tso saib lub desktop ntawm lub vijtsam onboard. Txhawm rau rov qab mus rau koj lub saib sab nraud, qhib lub qhov rai dav dav ntawm lub vijtsam onboard thiab siv cov lus txib hauv qab no.

• chmod -R 755 LCD -qhia
• cd LCD-qhia/
• sudo./LCD-hdmi

Kauj Ruam 10: Khiav Timelapse Module Program

Ua ntej tshaj txuas raspberry pi mus rau lub txhab nyiaj sab nraud, siv lub hwj chim chaw nres nkoj. Txhawm rau khiav qhov program, rub tawm thiab unzip lub zipped nplaub tshev uas tau txuas hauv qab no. Luam tag nrho cov ntawv nplaub tshev mus rau raspberry pi lub desktop. Txhawm rau khiav cov haujlwm thiab GUI, qhib cov ntaub ntawv npe UI.py thiab GUI yuav tsum tshwm ntawm raspberry pi lub vijtsam kov.

Tom ntej no, txuas lub koob yees duab rau raspberry pi siv USB cable. Khaws qhov txiaj ntsig qub ntawm GUI thiab nyem rau ntawm lub pob pib. Qhov no yuav tsum ua rau lub koob yees duab 5 zaug ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm 2 vib nas this. Thaum ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab uas lub koob yees duab tau thaij hauv Cov Duab nplaub tshev.

Kev daws teeb meem: Yog lub koob yees duab tsis ua rau, xyuas kom tus qauv ntawm koj lub koob yees duab nyob hauv cov npe hauv qab no. https://www.gphoto.org/proj/libgphoto2/support.php Yog tias koj lub koob yees duab nyob ntawm daim ntawv no, nco ntsoov tias kev sib txuas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab koj lub koob yees duab tau qhib.

Kauj Ruam 11: Pom Zoo Lub Koob Yees Duab rau Astro-Photography

Nov yog qee lub koob yees duab teeb tsa peb pom zoo thaum ua astrophotography.

• Koj lub koob yees duab yuav tsum yog tsom mus rau phau ntawv thiab teeb lub hom phiaj rau infinity
• Mount lub koob yees duab mus rau lub tswb
• Lub koob yees duab teeb tsa yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm hom ntawv
• Shutter ceev: 15-30 vib nas this
• Aperture: Ua tau qis tshaj rau koj lub lens, f-2.8 yog qhov zoo tshaj
• ISO: 1600-6400

Sib nrug los ntawm lub koob yees duab teeb tsa, xyuas kom muaj lub ntuj ntshiab. Qhov zoo tshaj yuav tsum yog nyob hauv lub tebchaws deb ntawm txhua lub nroog teeb pom kev zoo.

Kauj ruam 12: Nkag siab GUI

GUI muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb uas tus neeg siv tuaj yeem hloov kho:

Lub Sijhawm Raug Mob txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm koj lub koob yees duab. Piv txwv li, thaum koj tab tom tua cov hnub qub nyob saum ntuj hmo ntuj, kaw qhov nrawm ntawm 15 txog 30 vib nas this, hauv qhov xwm txheej no, teeb tus nqi no rau 30 vib nas this. Yog tias lub sijhawm raug yog dab tsi qis dua 1 thib ob, koj tuaj yeem khaws tus nqi li 0

Lub Sij Hawm Sijhawm txiav txim siab lub sijhawm koj xav tau ntawm ob qhov kev raug. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm, peb pom zoo kom ncua sijhawm ntawm qee yam ntawm 1 txog 5 feeb

Tus Zov Me Nyuam Tshaj Tawm txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab koj xav siv rau lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm. Cov yeeb yaj kiab txheem ua si txog 30 fps, uas txhais tau tias yog koj nyem 30 daim duab koj yuav tau txais ib thib ob ntawm cov vis dis aus. Raws li qhov no tus neeg siv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab uas xav tau

UI nta tus kheej piav qhia interface. Cov xub xub tau siv los nce lossis txo qis qhov muaj nuj nqis thiab khawm pib thaum qhov ntsuas tsis ua tiav. Qhov no ua rau lub koob yees duab uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ntawm ib qho ntawm pi's USB chaw nres nkoj. Cov duab no tau khaws tseg ntawm raspberry pi lub cim xeeb qhov twg tuaj yeem hloov kho ntxiv.

Kauj Ruam 13: Mus Infinity thiab Tshaj

Tom qab tau siv cov qauv no ntau zaus, peb zoo siab nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau txais. Nrog kev paub me ntsis hauv kev yees duab astro ib tus tuaj yeem ntes cov duab zoo nkauj. Peb vam tias txoj haujlwm no muaj txiaj ntsig, yog tias koj nyiam nws txhawb nqa peb los ntawm kev pov npav.

Zoo Siab Ua!

Khiav Tawm Hauv Kev Sib Tw Raspberry Pi 2020