~ 450MHz Yagi Antenna: 5 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no yog ua kom tus nqi muaj txiaj ntsig ~ 450MHz Yagi Kav hlau txais xov rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Xov Tooj Nrhiav lossis lwm yam siv hauv txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws uas kuv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau, thaum tseem muab tus qauv kav hlau txais xov tsim rau siv nrog sib piv cov txiaj ntsig siv tib lub software tshuaj xyuas thiab/ los yog txoj kev. Kuv mam ua qauv qhia rau; ua tus kav hlau txais xov siv cov khoom siv sib xws uas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv ib cheeb tsam, qhov twg los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D los ua cov khoom siv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txuas cov kav hlau txais xov rau lub ntsej muag rau tus kws tshaj lij saib yog tias koj nkag tau rau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D. Nco ntsoov, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau qee qhov twg qhov kev tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab xav tau yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Kuv yuav sau cov tswv yim rau ntau txoj hauv kev los ua hauv txhua kauj ruam.

Khoom siv

1. ~ 48 "ntawm 1cm lossis 3/8" inch Aluminium, Copper lossis Brass Tubing (ntoo dowel npog nrog txhuas cov kab xev lossis tin tooj liab braid yuav ua haujlwm ib yam nkaus. 12 lossis 14 gauge khoom tooj liab hlau tuaj yeem siv tau.)

2. ~ 36 "ntawm 1cm lossis 3/8" Copper Tubing (qub dawb lossis khaws dej hauv vaj los yog cov tub yees txias txij li cov phab ntsa thinner khoov yooj yim dua. 9.5mm x 1.5mm tuab txhuas lossis tooj liab tuaj yeem siv tau lossis koj tuaj yeem sim siv 12 lossis 14 gauge tooj liab tooj liab hlau.)

3. ~ 30 "ntawm 1" lossis 2.5cm Square Aluminium Tubing (qub dawb lossis khaws cia hauv lub tsheb thauj khoom lub hau.)

4. 6 Yas los yog Ntawv Straws (tsev noj mov)

5. 5 Screws (xaiv tau thiab saib Kub Glue Gun thiab Hot Glue)

6. ~ 30cm ntawm RG6 75ohm Coax Cable (qub satellites qub yog qhov zoo)

7. ~ 40 ntawm RG58 lossis lwm 50ohm Coax Cable

8. RG58 lossis xijpeem 50ohm Coax Cable tau siv Txiv neej Txuas (SMA, BNC lossis ib yam dab tsi uas koj tau txais)

9. Soldering Iron thiab Solder (flux yog tias cov laug tsis yog cov tub ntxhais flux)

10. Cov Cutters Hlau (xaiv tau txij li riam lossis lwm yam txiav tuaj yeem siv tau)

11. Cov Hluav Taws Xob (xaiv tau txij li riam lossis lwm yam txiav tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias ceev faj tsis txhob txiav cov xov hlau)

12. Pom txiav cov tubing thiab tawg

13. Mini Copper Tube cutter (yeem, tab sis yog qhov zoo kom muaj)

14. Kub Nplaum Rab Phom thiab Kub Kub Kub (xaiv tau txij li cov kua nplaum super, epoxy, 3D tshuab luam ntawv cwj mem lossis ntsia hlau tuaj yeem siv tau.

Kauj Ruam 1: Ntsuas thiab Txiav Cov Kav hlau txais xov, Boom thiab Coax Cable

Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab tias yuav siv cov khoom siv dab tsi rau lub kav hlau txais xov (aluminium tubing, ntoo dowels npog nrog daim kab xev lossis tinned tooj liab braid, yeeb nkab tooj liab, tooj dag tubing, tooj liab lub tsev hlau, thiab lwm yam), koj tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab cim txiav qhov twg. Nco ntsoov ua yuam kev ntawm kev txiav me ntsis ntev dua li yog li tom qab koj xav sim kho lub kav hlau txais xov ntau dua … koj tuaj yeem txiav qhov ntev. Qhov no yog kev coj ua zoo kom nco ntsoov rau yav tom ntej cov kav hlau txais xov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog sim ua kom txiav raws li qhov tau teev tseg ntev kom sib xws.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov hauv qab no yog raws li hauv qab no

Kev Ncaj Ncees 1 - 25cm

Kev Ncaj Ncees 2 - 26cm

Kev Ncaj Ncees 3 - 26cm

Lub Cev Tsav Tsheb - 68.7cm (qhov no tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab txiav ntev dua vim tias qee qhov yuav raug txiav tom qab raws li lub vojvoog khoov zoo thiab rau ~ 2cm qhov sib txawv)

Reflecting Element - 36cm

Qhov siab - 74.5 cm

Balun RG6 Coax Cable - 25.1cm

Feedline RG58 Coax Cable - Kuv siv 38 txawm hais tias thev naus laus zis cov kab noj tau tuaj yeem hloov kho rau qhov pom kev zoo nthwv dej SWR ntev

Dabtsi Yog Khoov Element

Khoov 2.5cm lub vojvoog ntawm txhua qhov kawg, siv 5cm txoj kab uas hla puag ncig lub duav lossis daim ntawv nyob ntawm seb koj muaj dab tsi, ua tib zoo ntsuas kom lub Driven Antenna Elements dav yog 30cm. Koj tuaj yeem khoov los ntawm qhov muag kom zoo thiab ntsuas thaum koj khoov. Koj tseem tuaj yeem khoov siv cov ntim nrog cov txheej txheem xuab zeb zoo li hauv cov lus qhia no lossis sau nrog ntsev txoj hauv kev zoo li hauv cov lus qhia no lossis tubing bender lossis txoj kev khoov rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

Txiav thiab Tshem Tawm RG6 Balun: λ/2@435MHz = 300, 000/435 x 2 = 345mm (cua) Coax Velocity Factor (v)

Hauv URM111: 16mm ntawm stripped kawg (v = 0.9) = 18mm (hluav taws xob)

Txiav Ntev = 345mm-18mm

Rau PE cable v = 0.66, 345mm - 18mm x 0.66 = 215.82mm unstripped thiab ntxiv 1cm PE unstripped thiab ~ 6mm stripped rau 231.82 tag nrho ntev

PTFE kab v = 0.72, 345mm - 18mm x 0.72 = 235.44mm unstripped thiab ntxiv 1cm PE unstripped thiab ~ 6mm stripped rau 251.44 tag nrho ntev

Txiav thiab Tua Kab RG58 pub: Sawb kwv yees li 3cm ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm RG58 thiab 1cm los ntawm PE/PTFE rwb thaiv tsev sab hauv.

Kauj Ruam 2: 3D Luam Element Mounts

Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D hauv ib cheeb tsam lossis los ntawm kev xa ntawv, cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem tsim kho kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias cov kav hlau txais xov tau teeb tsa ~ 5/32 (4mm) saum cov nplaim tawg uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaiv zoo li yas yas, lossis txawm ntoo, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav siv.

Yog tias koj tau nkag mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D txawm hais tias koj tus kheej, ntawm Maker Space lossis online, tus qauv STL zoo heev (STL yog cov ntaub ntawv hom ntawv siv lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D siv) thiab cov ntawv kuv tau pom twb tau ua yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw hauv qab no:

Tsuas yog khaws ib daim qauv ntawm. STL cov ntaub ntawv uas koj xaiv, luam rau hauv lub thumbdrive lossis txawm li cas los xij koj xav tau xa cov ntawv mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D (email, sib koom tsav, thiab lwm yam). Nug leej twg muaj lub Tshuab Luam Ntawv 3D yuav ua li cas yog tias koj tsis paub.

Nco ntsoov qhov txuas txuas kab lus kho dua tshiab 0.2 version yog 12mm thiab yog rau 12mm txoj kab nruab nrab, txawm hais tias cov hlua tuaj yeem siv ua shims los sau rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm kev txiav cov hlua mus rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov dav ntawm 3D luam ntawv thiab tom qab ntawv txiav ntev kom qhib rau qhwv ntau txheej raws li koj xav tau shim rau qhov tsis xoob haum.

Qhov txuas txuas dua Kho dua 0.1 version yog qhov pom tseeb hauv kev hais txog lub hauv paus kab, txawm hais tias kuv yuav luam tawm qhov loj 1mm loj dua li koj cov khoom siv ntxiv nrog txiav txim siab qhov me me ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv cov khoom yog li koj tsis tas yuav laum cov ntawv luam tawm tom qab yog tias koj xav ua kom lub qhov loj dua. Kuv siv 12mm version kom nyab xeeb.

Kuv pom Qhov Kev Hloov Kho 0.1 12mm version ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws rau Cov Tsav Tsheb (uas yog cov tooj liab qhov twg cov xov tooj txuas (kab ntawv txuas) txuas nrog), txij li koj tuaj yeem txav lub pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum yam tsis tau daig.

Tsis txhob nqa cov ntawv luam tawm ntau rau ib zaug ntawm lub hauv paus vim tias qee lub tshuab luam ntawv coj tus yam ntxwv txawv thiab yog tias koj pom hauv daim duab nrog qhov hloov kho grey 0.1 luam tawm, lwm lub xov tooj cua tsis siv lub tshuab luam ntawv tsis ua qhov raug.

Nco tseg: Koj tuaj yeem siv Primer txhawm rau kaw 3D Print kom luam tawm ntev dua. Qhov no yog cov lus qhia zoo feem ntau yog tias koj tsis tau luam tawm 3D ua ntej txij li qee cov khoom siv tau biodegradable thiab yuav tawg thaum lub sijhawm.

Kauj Ruam 3: Txheej Txheem, Ntsuas Tus Kheej Tus Kheej Lub Cev thiab Sib Sau Ua Ke

Teeb cov kav hlau txais xov ntsiab lus tom qab ntxig thiab nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus siv cov yas yas, lossis lwm yam uas tsis yog-coj, cov khoom shims. Nco ntsoov yog tias koj qhov kev nthuav dav tsis yog 3cm square zoo li 3D Print mounts mount point yog, tsuas yog siv sab du ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm kom haum nrog. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov hloov kho rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov tawg thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus rau txawm tias qhov sib npaug saum toj kawg nkaus pom qhov sib nrug.

Ntsuas txhua lub kav hlau txais xov sib nrug pib los ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm qhov tawg thiab ua haujlwm mus rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm qhov tawg. Kuv tau pib los ntawm Reflecting Element sab ntawm qhov tawg. Qhov kev ncua deb tau sau tseg hauv thawj daim duab nco ntsoov qhov kev ncua deb tsis yog "Nyob hauv nruab nrab" hauv daim duab. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov qhov ntev lossis cov npe "Ntawm Chaw" nrug yog tias koj siv lwm yam khoom zoo li 14 lossis 12 ntsuas cov khoom tseem ceeb tooj liab thaiv.

Qhov "On Center" nrug ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau sau tseg hauv qab no

Reflecting Element to Driven Element (ze ze rau Reflecting Element) - 13cm

Cov Cuam Tshuam Tsav Tsheb (ze ze rau Thawj Coj Ncaj Ncees) mus rau Thawj Coj Ncaj Ncees - 3.5cm

1st Directing Element to 2nd Directing Element - 14cm

Qhov Kev Ncaj Ncees Thib Ob rau Qhov Ncaj Ncees thib 3 - 14cm

Kuv siv cov hlua roj hmab los tuav cov khoom sib txuas ib ntus hauv qhov chaw thaum kuv ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib nrug yog qhov raug thaum kho siv NanoVNA.

Soldering Balun thiab Feedline rau Cov Tsav Tsheb

Xuab zeb Cov Tsav Tsheb uas qhov balun thiab feedline yuav muab muag, ua kom huv si. Koj tuaj yeem thov flux tau yog tias cov laug koj tab tom siv tsis yog cov tub ntxhais flux.

Twist hauv av (sab nraud) xov hlau ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm RG6 balun cable rau hauv ib lub xaim kom yooj yim dua rau tom qab thiab ua tib yam rau cov xaim hluav taws xob vim tias yog xaim xaim feem ntau yuav. Ua tib yam rau ib kawg ntawm RG58 cable.

Khoov RG6 balun cable thiab RG58 cable thiab tso rau hauv av xaim raws li qhia hauv cov duab thiab sib dhos ua ke.

Tom qab ntawd teeb tsa lub xov tooj cua hauv nruab nrab ntawm RG6 balun raws li qhia hauv cov duab thiab muab tshuaj txhuam rau Cov Tsav Tsheb.

Siv tus neeg tsav tsheb nruab nrab ntawm RG58 mus rau sab xis ntawm Cov Tsav Tsheb raws li qhia hauv cov duab.

Siv lub SMA, BNC lossis lwm yam txuas uas koj txiav txim siab siv ntawm RG58.

Kauj Ruam 4: Tune (Yog Xav Tau) thiab Ruaj Ntseg Element Mounts

Txuas Element Mounts rau Boom thiab Tune Antenna

Raws li tau sau tseg hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los, Kuv siv cov hlua roj hmab los tuav ib ntus rau hauv txhua qhov khoom siv ua ntej Kuv Kub Glued hauv qhov chaw txij li kuv xav txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo nrog NanoVNA. Cov kauj ruam no yog nyob ntawm yeem, txawm tias tau pom zoo los ua kom ntseeg tau lub kav hlau txais xov ncaj ncees thiab kawm paub yuav qhib lub kav hlau txais xov thiab lwm yam xov tooj cua cuam tshuam li cas.

NanoVNA yog tus nqi siv tau txiaj ntsig Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) tiag tiag uas tuaj yeem ua tiav theem kev txheeb xyuas nrog rau qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntsig txog kev ntsuas Scalar Network Analyzer ua tau.

Ob qhov kev sim tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem yooj yim dua thiab raug nqi ua tau zoo nrog NanoVNA yog:

Impedance - Kom paub tseeb tias qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog tus txais peb tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau zaus

Kev Nyuaj Siab Poob - Rov npaj ua lwm txoj hauv kev peb tseem tuaj yeem suav qhov Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Muaj cov kev qhia online uas qhia yuav siv NanoVNA yog tias koj muaj. Kuv pom zoo nqis peev hauv NanoVNA yog tias koj npaj yuav nkag rau hauv xov tooj cua ntau dua. Kev ntsuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhia hauv kab lus no.

Kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los kho lub kav hlau txais xov uas raug nqi uas tau siv ua ntej NanoVNA tawm los xws li siv tus nqi pheej yig RTL-SDR thiab Wideband Noise Source los txiav txim siab qhov pom kev poob qis thiab VSWR.

Ruaj ntseg Element Mounts:

Hot Glue, 3D Pinter Pen, Super Glue, Epoxy lossis Drill thiab Ntsia Mounts rau Boom ib zaug spaced rau saum toj no lossis ua kom zoo dua qhov ntev. Kuv siv Cov Kua Kub Kub rau qhov ntsuas kub siab rau cov ntsiab lus mus rau qhov nce thiab nce mus rau qhov tawg txij li thawj qhov tsim Kuv tsuas yog siv sab hauv txij li kuv tau ua cov khoom los ntawm cov ntoo dowels qhwv hauv txhuas kab xev.

Kauj ruam 5: Ua tiav

Koj tuaj yeem thov lub tsho me me ntawm Krylon txhawm rau kaw lub Antenna Elements, Boom thiab Mounts txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev xeb tom qab uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub kav hlau txais xov.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua tes tuav tawm ntawm daim kab xev silicone, tuav qub lossis lwm yam khoom uas tsis yog khoom siv uas koj xav tau.

Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tus ncej rau tus kav hlau txais xov kom nce mus rau lub tsaj lossis lwm qhov chaw zoo li lub tsaj ruaj ruaj lossis tus ncej nrog lub rotator.

Muaj lwm qhov txaus ntshai yagi tus kav hlau txais xov tsim koj tuaj yeem nrhiav online, hauv ARRL Phau Ntawv lossis hauv Lwm Phau Ntawv.

Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov npaj tau tsim 3D Tshuab Luam Ntawv STL cov ntaub ntawv rau Yagi thiab lwm tus Antennas koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm Thingiverse.

Yog tias koj txaus siab ua tus kav hlau txais xov, koj tuaj yeem nqis peev hauv SWR Meter lossis tsim koj tus kheej. Muaj ntau qhov haujlwm zoo hauv online los pab nkag siab koj lub kav hlau txais xov kev ua tau zoo thiab kawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tib lub sijhawm.

Txaus siab rau siv koj lub kav hlau txais xov!