Tshiab Micro Light Meter rau Old Voigtländer (vito Clr) Lub Koob Yees Duab: 5 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Rau txhua tus, leej twg txaus siab rau lub koob yees duab qub qub nrog tsim hauv lub ntsuas ntsuas lub teeb, tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib qho teeb meem. Txij li feem ntau ntawm cov koob yees duab no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 70s/80s, cov duab siv yees duab yog qub qub thiab tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsis raug.

Hauv cov lus qhia no kuv yuav muab sijhawm rau koj los hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob qub qub tawm tsam lub teeb ci LED.

Txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv rau roj teeb hauv qhov chaw me me sab hauv ntawm lub koob yees duab thiab tseem muaj tag nrho cov LEDs ncaj qha hauv qab lub qhov rai qhia (saib daim duab). Yog li kuv ntxiv qhov kev qhia no rau qhov kev sib tw me me. Yog tias koj nyiam qhov no, thov pov npav =)

Hauv kuv rooj plaub lub koob yees duab yog voigtländer vito clr.

Kauj Ruam 1: Lub Teeb Laus Qub

Qhov qub ua haujlwm li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yooj yim. Tom qab lub phaj pob tshab ntawm lub koob yees duab yog lub sensor. Qhov ntsuas no yog lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag/foto diode system, uas zoo li tam sim no, yog tias lub teeb dhau lub dav hlau nquag.

Qhov ntsuas no txuas nrog lub tshuab raj, uas txav lub koob.

Yog tias muaj lub teeb txaus ntawm lub ntsuas cua, qhov tam sim no ua rau muaj qhov sib nqus hauv lub kauj thiab rab koob pib txav mus. Qhov no yog sib npaug rau VU ntsuas qub, siv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, tshwm sim los ntawm photocurrent thiab txav ntawm rab koob yog qee yam ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab yog li qhov kev txav no qhia qhov ntau ntawm lub teeb.

Lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm qee yam ntawm cov qub sensor hom yog, tias lawv hnub nyoog nrog lub sijhawm thiab cov zis tam sim no ib lux (chav rau lub teeb pom kev) dhau los tsawg dua nrog txhua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau qee kis ntawm cov txheej txheem kev laus, lub hauv paus sensor tsis tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm txaus tam sim no thiab rab koob yuav tsis txav mus.

Ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog kev hloov lub ntsuas lub ntsej muag nrog qhov tshiab dua, tab sis kuv qhov kev paub dhau los, tias lub ntsuas cua siv hauv 70s yog ua los ntawm qee yam tshuaj lom hlau thiab raug txwv tam sim no thiab cov tshiab uas tsis haum hauv lub cam lossis lawv tsis ua cov peev txheej txaus tam sim no rau hauv cov txheej qub/rab koob.

Nov yog lub ntsiab lus, thaum kuv txiav txim siab hloov tag nrho lub teeb ntsuas mus rau qhov tshiab dua!

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim Tus Tshiab

Txij li cov VU qub qub nrog cov kauj thiab rab koob tam sim no tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov tshiab ntawm LED uas tau tsav, kuv txiav txim siab ua ib yam.

Lub tswv yim yog, txhawm rau ntsuas lub teeb liab, uas los ntawm lub ntsuas duab, nthuav nws mus rau thaj tsam uas tsim nyog, thiab tso saib nws nrog kab ntawm leds.

Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no, kuv tau siv LM3914 IC, uas yog lub cuab yeej zoo heev rau kev tsav tsheb LEDs thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Qhov IC no nkag siab qhov hluav taws xob nkag (tiv thaiv kev siv) thiab qhia nws nrog ib qho coj tawm ntawm kab ntawm kaum LEDs.

Qhov no tau tsim tsim qhov seem ntawm qhov Circuit Court yooj yim heev !! Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog ua kom haum qhov tseem ceeb rau koj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab ua kom nrov nrov rau hauv qhov tsim nyog rau IC. Koj yuav tsum sim me ntsis thiab yog li xav tau lub multimeter.

Kuv siv lub photocell (los ntawm lub laij lej qub) thiab muab nws tso rau tom qab lub hnab yas ntawm lub koob yees duab. Tom qab ntawd kuv ntsuas qhov tam sim no uas tsis muaj thiab siab tshaj plaws lub teeb (ob peb mA). Txij li thaum kuv xav tau qhov hluav taws xob tab sis muaj lub hauv paus tam sim no, kuv tau siv lub transimpedance amplifier, aka a current driven voltage source (see Wikipedia for further information). Tus tiv thaiv R4 qhia txog kev hloov pauv tam sim no rau qhov hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom yuav ua rau tsis muaj dej ntws tam sim no, yog li koj yuav tsum sim nrog koj hom sensor, tiv thaiv thiab lub suab nrov. Nco ntsoov tias koj txuas lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom raug, yog tias koj ntsuas tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm opamp, hloov qhov polarity. Kuv siv qee yam hauv thaj tsam kiloohm thiab tau txais qib hluav taws xob los ntawm 0V txog 550mV. R1, R2 thiab R3 txhais qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob los ntawm LM3914.

Yog tias peb xav ntsuas IC tiv thaiv 5V, peb yuav tsum hloov lawv qhov txiaj ntsig rau qhov ntawd. Nrog R1 = 1k2 thiab R2 = 3k3 (R3 = tsis txuas nrog) thiab tau txais qhov siv ntawm 4.8 V (saib daim ntawv qhia rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxiv). Nrog rau qhov kev siv no, kuv yuav tsum ua kom nrov dua lub teeb liab kuv twb muaj - qhov no kuj tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tam sim no uas tau tsav qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob thiab txiav tawm qhov chaw los ntawm lub ntsuas sensor = ua kom ntseeg tau, tam sim no nyob ruaj khov thiab ywj pheej ntawm lub nra tsis kam

Qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog hauv kuv cov ntaub ntawv yog tsawg kawg 4.8V / 550mV = 4.25 - Kuv siv R5 nrog 3k3 thiab R6 nrog 1k.

Tag nrho cov Circuit Court yuav tsav los ntawm roj teeb (kuv siv 2 lub npib cell nrog 3V txhua, thiab tus tswj hwm kom tau txais ruaj khov 5V los ntawm cov 6V no.

Nco tseg rau C5 thiab C7: Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob, raws li koj tam sim no tau paub lawm. Thaum kuv tsim thawj pawg thawj coj ntsuas, kuv lees paub tias tsuas yog ib qho LED tau ua, yog tias kuv ntsuas lub teeb pom kev - qhov no yuav tsum tshwm sim! Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum kuv ntsuas lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb pom kev, tsawg kawg 3 lossis 4 LED nyob qhov twg thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov system yuav tsum ua (txij li qhov qhia tsis meej tam sim no).

Cov teeb pom kev zoo tau tsav nrog 50Hz/60Hz lub hauv paus thiab yog li lub teeb ci hauv qhov nrawm no - nrawm dhau rau peb pom tab sis nrawm txaus rau lub sensor. Qhov teeb meem sinusoidal no ua rau 3 lossis 4 LEDs ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov no, lim lub teeb liab yog qhov tsim nyog thiab ua tiav nrog C5 hauv koob nrog lub ntsuas thiab C7 ua lub lim dej qis hauv kev sib xyaw nrog opamp.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim Perfboard

Kuv txhim tsa thawj qhov kev sim ntawm lub perfboard. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias qhov loj me ntawm cov resistors yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm cov ntsuas koj tsuas tuaj yeem ua nrog kev sim ua haujlwm kom raug.

Sai li kuv tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me kom tsim nyog thiab siv cov lim dej lim, lub Circuit Court ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kuv tau tsim PCB txheej txheem.

Koj tuaj yeem sim nws nrog kuv xaiv cov resistors, tab sis nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo.

Kuv tsis xav tias koj tuaj yeem siv perfboard rau koj lub kaw lus tiav, txij li qhov chaw hauv lub koob yees duab yog txoj hauv kev me me. Tej zaum nws yuav ua haujlwm yog tias koj xav txog kev siv SMD perfboard.

Kauj Ruam 4: PCB Tsim

PCB yuav tsum haum rau sab hauv ntawm lub koob yees duab, yog li ib qho yuav tsum siv SMD cov khoom (tshwj tsis yog LM3914, vim tias kuv twb muaj nws lawm). Cov duab ntawm PCB tau tsim raws nraim rau qhov ntev ntawm lub koob yees duab. Lub opamp yog tus qauv opamp (lm358) nrog cov khoom siv ib zaug thiab tus tswj hwm yog qhov yooj yim 5V qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob qis qis tus tswj hwm (LT1761). Tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob tau ua tiav ntawm ob qho PCBs nkaus xwb.

Roj teeb ib feem thiab hluav taws xob ib feem. Kuv tau siv txhua yam ntawm tib PCB, vim tias kuv tsuas yog yuav tsum xaj 2 zaug tib lub PCB, uas yog qhov pheej yig dua li yuav ob hom sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov hneev taw ntawm lub roj teeb tuav rau lwm qhov chaw hauv Circuit hauv daim duab thib ob.

Kev sib sau ua ke PCB hauv cov duab qhia pom ob sab ntawm hluav taws xob-PCB thiab roj teeb ib feem. Ob qho tib si raug ntsia ua ke thiab dhau los ua ob-txheej txheej txheem.

Yuav tsum qhib/kaw qhov tsim nyog, vim tias lub kaw lus yuav nqus dej tam sim no los ntawm lub roj teeb txawm tias tsis ntsuas lub teeb. Vim li ntawd, lub roj teeb no yuav tsum tau hloov pauv sai sai. Nrog kev hloov pauv, lub kaw lus tsuas ntsuas, yog tias tsim nyog.

Kauj Ruam 5: Cov txiaj ntsig

Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia hauv cov duab thiab daim vis dis aus txuas nrog.

Kuv siv lub ntsuas ntsuas lub teeb tiag tiag uas kuv qiv los ntawm tus phooj ywg los xam qhov tseeb aperture @ shutter speed (saib daim duab kos ntawm lub koob yees duab hauv daim duab 3) los ntawm kev siv lub teeb ci. Kuv tuav lub sensor nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb kom txog thaum qib tshwj xeeb LED (zoo li LED tsis muaj. 3) tau mus txog thiab tom qab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub qhov taub nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws.

Kuv xav tias koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev, zoo li lub Android app teeb ntsuas, ib yam.

Kuv vam tias koj nyiam kuv lub tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia no!

Txais tos los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees - Escobaem