Mloog Digital Tab sis Tsis Muaj Microcontroller [Hardcore Electronics]: 13 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Nws yooj yim zoo nkauj los tsim kev sib txuas nrog lub microcontroller tab sis peb tsis nco qab tag nrho cov haujlwm uas microcontroller yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm yooj yim (txawm tias ntsais muag coj). Yog li, nws yuav nyuaj npaum li cas los ua lub moos digital tag los ntawm kos? Tsis muaj coding thiab tsis muaj microcontroller thiab ua kom nws HARDCORE tiag li cas txog kev tsim lub Circuit Court hauv perf-board yam tsis siv cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit board.

Qhov no yog qhov haujlwm nyuaj uas yuav tsum tau ua, tsis yog vim li cas lub moos logic ua haujlwm tab sis vim li cas peb tab tom tsim lub Circuit Court nrog txhua yam khoom siv ua ke hauv cov ntawv cog lus me me.

Txoj haujlwm no tau tshoov siab los ntawm cov lus qhia no (tus sau: hp07) rov qab rau xyoo 2018, uas yuav nyuaj rau kev txhim kho hauv lub rooj sib tham vim tias muaj cov lej sib txuas thiab cov khoom siv. Yog li, Kuv tau ua me ntsis ntawm kev khawb hauv online kom txo qhov nyuaj tab sis tseem ua rau nws yooj yim yooj yim thiab nyuaj rau tsim hauv cov ntoo ntoo.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv: scopionz, danyk

Khoom siv

Cov no yog cov npe khoom uas tuaj yeem pab koj ua txoj haujlwm no tau yooj yim

(Affiliate txuas)

• IC 4026:
• IC 555:
• IC 7411:
• 7-ntu zaub:
• Potentiometer:
• Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv:
• Diode:
• Cov Khoom Siv Capacitors:
• Laub Khawm:
• Perfboard:
• Acrylic Sheet:
• Hwj chim adapter:
• Lub rooj zaum fais fab tuag:
• oscilloscope kit:
• Cov Clock Cov Digital:

Kauj Ruam 1: Lub Tswv Yim Lub Sijhawm [tab sis rau NOOBS]

Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum nkag siab cov lus teb rau ob peb nqe lus nug ua ntej peb tuaj yeem dhia mus rau hauv kev tsim lub moos digital no! peb yuav ua raws li lub sijhawm thiab peb tuaj yeem txhais lub sijhawm nws tus kheej li cas?

Kev daws qhov teeb meem no yog qhov yooj yim heev (Yog tias koj xav txog koj tus kheej li cov tub ntxhais hluas uas ntxeev siab thiab tsuas yog ua txuj dhau ib puas xyoo kws kho mob lub cev yeej tsis khawb taub hau txog qhov ntawd). Txoj hauv kev peb yuav mus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no yuav yog qhov tsis nkag siab, qhov twg ua ntej peb yuav pom yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem taug qab lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd piav qhia lub sijhawm.

Xav txog lub moos ua lub txee uas suav tau tus lej txog 0-60 thiab 0-24 (cia li txhawj xeeb tsuas yog kwv yees li 24 teev tam sim no) thaum twg tus nqi no ntau dua nws tsuas yog nqa mus rau qhov kev xaiv siab dua tom ntej [Seconds -> Minutes -> Teev Sijhawm-> Hnub-> Hli-> Xyoo].

Tab sis peb tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no, Thaum twg peb yuav tsum nce tus nqi ntsuas no? Cia peb saib mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yooj yim physics

"Qhov thib ob yog txhais los ntawm kev suav tus lej tus lej ntawm qhov zaus zaus ∆ν, qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub xeev-xeev hyperfine hloov pauv zaus ntawm cesium 133 atom, kom yog 9 192 631 770 thaum qhia hauv chav Hz, uas yog sib npaug −1."

Yog tias koj nkag siab lub ntsiab lus, koj yuav tsum zaum siv theoretical physic thiab txiav tawm hluav taws xob!

Xijpeem, rau qhov yooj yim, peb tsuas yog xav tias nws yog lub sijhawm siv rau lub cesium atom kom co 9 billion lub sijhawm. Tam sim no thaum koj nce lub txee txhua ib pliag lossis sijhawm siv rau lub cesium atom kom co 9 lab lub sij hawm koj tau txais koj tus kheej lub sijhawm-ntawm-yam! Txog qhov no, yog tias peb tsuas tuaj yeem ntxiv cov laj thawj xws li cov vib nas this nqa mus rau feeb thiab feeb nqa mus rau ntau teev thaum lawv mus txog 60 (thiab teev sijhawm rov pib dua 24). Qhov no yuav ua rau peb muaj lub moos ua haujlwm zoo uas peb xav tau.

Tam sim no, cia saib yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem coj txoj kev xav mus rau qhov tseeb, nrog qee qhov khawv koob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntshiab!

Kauj Ruam 2: Xya Segment Zaub

Cia peb xub xam tawm txoj hauv kev los tso saib tus lej (lossis sijhawm). 7-ntu cov lus qhia yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov kev tsim no vim tias nws muab qhov zoo nkauj retro, thiab nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov lus yooj yim tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam, nws yooj yim heev uas nws tsuas yog ua los ntawm 7 LEDs (8 LEDs, yog tias cov ntsiab lus LED, tau suav rau hauv) tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev ntse los qhia cov lej lej uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau ib sab nrog ntau 7-ntu qhia los qhia tus nqi loj dua.

Muaj 2 ntau yam ntawm 7 ntu lus qhia.

COMMON CATHODE: Txhua lub -ve davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm tus coj tau txuas nrog rau ib qho taw tes, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus sib txuas nrog hauv av (GND). Tam sim no, txhawm rau qhib ib feem ntawm ntu ntu a +ve qhov hluav taws xob tau siv rau qhov sib xws +ve tus pin ntawm ntu ntawd.

CATHODE ANODE: Txhua qhov +ve lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm tus coj tau txuas nrog rau lub ntsiab lus ib txwm muaj, thiab tom qab ntawv cov ntsiab lus no txuas nrog VCC. Tam sim no, txhawm rau qhib ib feem ntawm ntu ntu -ve qhov hluav taws xob tau siv rau qhov sib thooj -ve tus pin ntawm ntu ntawd.

Rau peb daim ntawv thov, peb yuav siv qhov qub cathode version ntawm 7-ntu zaub, vim tias cov digital IC uas peb yuav siv yuav tso tawm HIGH teeb liab (+ve teeb liab).

Txhua ntu ntawm cov zaub no muaj npe los ntawm A txog G nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ib teev thiab cov cim (lossis taw tes) ntawm cov zaub tau cim ua 'p', nco qab ntu nrog lawv cov ntawv sib xws, uas yuav siv tau thaum txuas nws mus rau digital IC cov.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Tso Npe Ntawm Xya Segment Zaub

Cov kauj ruam no yuav ua rau nyuab me ntsis vim tias nrhiav qhov loj me me ntawm perf-board yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab koj yuav tsis pom ib qho. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no koj tuaj yeem ua ke 2 perf-board los ua qhov loj dua.

Tso qhov 7-ntu tso saib yog qhov yooj yim heev, tsuas yog tso cov duab kom sib nrug nrog qhov sib nrug kom raug koj thiaj li tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm vib nas this, feeb, thiab teev (xa cov duab rau kev tso rau ntawm tus coj).

Yog tias koj pom los ntawm tam sim no kuv tab tom siv cov pawg ntawm 100ohm resistors rau txhua tus pin ntawm cov zaub, qhov no yog tag nrho rau kev zoo nkauj thiab nws tsis tas yuav siv cov ntau resistors. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tso 470ohm resistor nruab nrab ntawm tus lej sib txuas ntawm 7-ntu zaub thiab hauv av uas yuav tsum zoo txaus. (Cov resistors no tau siv los txwv qhov tam sim no uas yuav dhau los ntawm LED)

Txij li qhov kev sib tham no muaj ntau heev los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob ntawm qhov kuv tab tom ua, Kuv tau muab cov kab 7-ntu tso rau hauv kab ntawv ua ntu zus rau cov neeg tawm tsam thiab hauv av mus rau sab saum toj ntawm Circuit. Nws zoo li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nyuaj, tab sis ntseeg kuv qhov no yuav ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua.

Thaum tsim lub voj voog no Kuv pom qhov ua kom txias txog 7 ntu ntu, txhua lub sijhawm yuam kev yog tias koj tau thim rov qab 7 ntu ntu rov qab, koj tsis tas yuav desolder cov duab kom tiav thiab rov muag dua. Txhua tus pin yuav nyob zoo ib yam tsuas yog tus pin G thiab tus pin P, tsuas yog ntxiv cov hlua hlau yooj yim koj tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem. (Txheeb xyuas 2 cov duab kawg uas kuv tau siv lub xov hlau ntsuab txuas los qhia qhov teeb meem no).

Kauj ruam 4: Txee

"chaw thau khoom =" tub nkeeg"

Thaum nws los txog rau digital digital tsuas muaj 2 lub xeev HIGH lossis LOW (Binary: 0 lossis 1). Qhov no peb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv, thaum qhov hloov pauv ON peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog qhov laj thawj HIGH thiab thaum qhov hloov pauv OFF peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog logic LOW. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem qhib ON thiab tua OFF qhov hloov pauv nrog lub sijhawm sib xws ntawm ON thiab OFF koj tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb liab square.

Tam sim no lub sijhawm coj los tsim ob qho tib si thiab siab thiab qis cim ua ke hu ua Sijhawm Sijhawm. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tig ON qhov hloov pauv rau 0.5sec thiab kaw qhov hloov pauv rau 0.5sec, tom qab ntawv lub sijhawm ntawm lub teeb liab no yuav yog 1second. Ib yam nkaus, tus naj npawb ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv ON thiab tig tawm hauv ib pliag hu ua Zaus.

[Piv txwv: 4Hz -> 4 zaug hloov ON thiab 4 zaug hloov OFF]

Qhov no yuav zoo li tsis siv ntau thaum xub thawj, tab sis lub sijhawm teeb liab no yog qhov tsim nyog kom ua txhua yam hauv kev sib txuas hauv cov xov tooj digital, qhov no yog vim li cas qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob nrog lub cim moos tseem raug hu ua synchronous circuits.

Yog tias peb tuaj yeem tsim lub xwmfab nthwv dej ntawm 1Hz peb tuaj yeem nce peb lub txee txhua ib pliag zoo li vib nas this ntawm lub moos digital. Lub tswv yim ntawm no tseem tsis meej pem vim tias peb xav tau lub sijhawm siv rau lub cesium atom kom ua rau 9 txhiab lub sijhawm (zoo li peb tau pom hauv qib-1) vim tias qhov ntawd yuav ua rau peb ib pliag. Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv peb lub voj voog yuav nyob ze rau qhov tsis yooj yim tab sis peb tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua yog tias peb tuaj yeem siv oscilloscope (Qhov twg lub sijhawm tau ntsuas ua ntej) kom kwv yees li ib pliag.

Kauj Ruam 7: Xaiv Lub Clock Circuit

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob moos moos. Tab sis ntawm no yog qee qhov laj thawj vim li cas kuv thiaj siv 555 timer IC thiab qee qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas koj thiaj tsis tsim nyog.

Zoo dua

• Lub Circuit Court yog qhov yooj yim heev (Pib tus phooj ywg)
• Yuav tsum muaj hneev taw me me
• yooj yim los kho lub moos zaus
• Muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam ntawm qhov hluav taws xob (Tsis tsim nyog rau peb lub moos digital digital Circuit)

Qhov tsis zoo

• Lub sijhawm teev tsis raug
• Lub moos teeb liab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
• Lub sij hawm teev yog vim cov resistors thiab capacitors

Lwm txoj hauv kev rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob moos: lub zog oscillator, Sib faib zaus

Kauj Ruam 8: Kev Tso Npe ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Circuit

Muab lub moos sib txuas raws nraim hauv vib nas this ib feem ntawm lub moos digital, qhov no yuav ua rau kev sib txuas yooj yim dua ntawm IC 4026 thiab IC 555.

Txij ntawm no mus, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li los thaij duab tom qab txhua lub voj voog, vim tias cov kab hluav taws xob tau nyuaj heev nrog ntau cov xov hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm cov lus qhia sib txawv. Yog li, tsuas yog tsim lub moos Circuit sib cais yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov seem ntawm Circuit, thiab ib zaug uas ua tiav, tsuas yog txuas cov zis (tus pin 3) ntawm 555 timer IC rau lub moos pin ntawm IC 4026.

Kauj Ruam 9: Hloov/nce Logic

Khiav Tawm Hauv Kev Sib Tw Remix