4 Channel Relay: 14 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

by Bhawna Singh, Prerna Gupta, Maninder Bir Singh Gulshan

Kauj ruam 1: RELAY

Relay yog qhov hloov hluav taws xob. Nws suav nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov tswv yim txuas rau ib leeg lossis ntau lub cim qhia tswj, thiab txheej txheej kev ua haujlwm sib cuag. Qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem muaj tus lej ntawm kev sib cuag hauv ntau daim ntawv sib cuag, xws li ua kev sib cuag, ua kom sib cuag, lossis sib txuas ua ke.

Kev xa tawm tau siv qhov uas nws tsim nyog los tswj lub Circuit Court los ntawm lub teeb liab uas tsis muaj zog ywj pheej, lossis qhov twg ntau qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum raug tswj los ntawm ib lub teeb liab.

Kev xa tawm tau nquag siv hauv peb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb xav tau tsav siab los ntawm microcontroller circuits.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Cheeb Tsam Yuav Tsum Tau

1. SPDT Relay 12v
2. 817 Opto txuas
3. Transistor BC547
4. SMD LEDs
5. 1N4007 Diode
6. 1 k Resistor
7. Burger sticks txiv neej
8. Fais fab mov
9. Txuas xov hlau

Kauj Ruam 3: Cov lus piav qhia

Optocoupler

• PC817 yog 4 Pin optocoupler, suav nrog Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED) & yees duab transistor, uas ua rau nws pom kev txuas nrog tab sis hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev.
• Inrared Emitting Diode txuas nrog thawj ob tus Pins thiab yog tias peb siv lub zog rau nws, tom qab ntawd IR nthwv dej tau tawm los ntawm cov diode no, uas ua rau cov duab transistor mus rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees.
• Yog tias tsis muaj lub zog ntawm sab nkag, diode yuav tsum tso tawm IR nthwv dej thiab yog li cov duab transistor yuav thim rov qab.
• PC817 feem ntau yog siv hauv qhov project kos rau lub hom phiaj cais tawm.
• Hauv kuv cov phiaj xwm teeb tsa, kuv tso PC817 tom qab Microcontroller Pins cais tawm rov qab EMF, thaum tswj lub cev muaj zog thiab lwm yam.
• PC-817 muaj ntau daim ntawv thov xws li kev tshem tawm suab nrov hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, tawm tswv yim/tso tawm cais rau MCU (Micro Controller Unit).

PC817 Pinout

• PC817 Pinout muaj plaub (4) tus pin nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thawj ob yog txuas nrog Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED) thaum ob kawg tau txuas nrog Photo Transistor.
• Txhua ntawm plaub tus lej no tau muab rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no, nrog rau lawv lub npe & xwm txheej.

Kauj Ruam 4: Transistor BC547

BC547 Nta Transistor Nta

• Bi-Polar NPN Transistor
• DC Tam Sim No Tau Txais (hFE) yog 800 siab tshaj
• Cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv tam sim no (IC) yog 100mA
• Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) yog 6V
• Base Tam Sim No (IB) yog 5mA siab tshaj
• Muaj nyob hauv To-92 Pob

BC547 yog NPN transistor vim li no tus sau thiab emitter yuav raug qhib sab laug (Rov qab tsis ncaj ncees) thaum lub hauv paus tus pin tuav hauv av thiab yuav raug kaw (Forward biased) thaum lub teeb liab tau muab rau tus lej pin. BC547 muaj tus nqi nce ntawm 110 txog 800, tus nqi no txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm lub transistor. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no uas tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm Tus pin Collector yog 100mA, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem txuas cov khoom siv uas siv ntau dua 100mA siv cov transistor no. Txhawm rau tsis ncaj ncees rau transistor peb yuav tsum muab tam sim no rau tus pin, qhov tam sim no (IB) yuav tsum txwv rau 5mA.

Thaum cov transistor no muaj kev ncaj ncees tag nrho nws tuaj yeem tso cai siab tshaj 100mA kom ntws hla tus neeg sau thiab tso tawm. Cov theem no hu ua Saturation Region thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob raug tso cai hla Collector-Emitter (VCE) lossis Base-Emitter (VBE) tuaj yeem yog 200 thiab 900 mV feem. Thaum lub hauv paus tam sim no raug tshem tawm cov transistor tau ua tiav, theem no hu ua "Cut-off Region" thiab "Base Emitter voltage" tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig 660 mV.

Kauj Ruam 5: SMD LEDs

SMD LED chips tuaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. SMD LED tuaj yeem haum cov chips nrog cov qauv tsim, zoo li SMD 5050, uas yog 5 hli dav. SMD 3528, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog 3.5mm dav. Cov SMD chips me me, yuav luag ze rau kev tsim ntawm lub tiaj, square computer chip.

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm SMD LED chips yog tus lej ntawm kev sib cuag thiab diodes lawv muaj.

SMD LED chips tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua li ob tus neeg sib cuag (uas ua rau nws txawv ntawm DIP LED qub). Muaj peev xwm muaj txog li 3 diodes ntawm ib lub nti, nrog rau txhua lub diode muaj ib tus zuj zus. Txhua lub Circuit Court yuav muaj ib qho cathode thiab ib qho anode, ua rau 2, 4 lossis 6 tus neeg nyob hauv ib lub nti.

Kev teeb tsa no yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas SMD chips muaj ntau yam sib piv (sib piv SMD vs COB). Cov nti tuaj yeem suav nrog lub teeb liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav. Nrog rau peb lub diodes, koj tuaj yeem tsim tau ib qho xim yooj yim los ntawm kev kho qib tso zis.

SMD chips kuj tseem paub tias ci. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim 50 txog 100 lumens ib watt.

Kauj Ruam 6: 1N4007 Diode

Nta

• Qhov nruab nrab rau pem hauv ntej tam sim no yog 1A
• Tsis rov ua dua Peak tam sim no yog 30A
• Rov qab tam sim no yog 5uA.
• Peak repetitive Reverse voltage yog 1000V
• Lub zog tso tawm 3W
• Muaj nyob hauv DO-41 Pob

Lub diode yog lub cuab yeej uas tso cai rau ntws tam sim no los ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tam sim no yuav tsum ib txwm ntws los ntawm Anode mus rau cathode. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg cathode tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev siv lub tiaj grey raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no.

Rau 1N4007 Diode, lub peev xwm nqa tau ntau tshaj tam sim no yog 1A nws tiv taus qhov siab txog 30A. Yog li peb tuaj yeem siv qhov no hauv cov voj voog uas tau tsim rau tsawg dua 1A. Qhov rov qab tam sim no yog 5uA uas yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Lub zog tso tawm ntawm cov diode no yog 3W.

Cov ntawv thov ntawm Diode

• Yuav siv tau los tiv thaiv rov qab teeb meem polarity
• Ib nrab Wave thiab Tag Nrho Wave rectifiers
• Siv ua khoom tiv thaiv
• Cov cai tswj kev khiav dej num tam sim no

Kauj Ruam 7: 2-Pin PCB Mount Terminal Block Connector

Kauj Ruam 8: Resistors 1kΩ & 4-pin Header

Kauj Ruam 9: Kev Sib Txuas Yooj Yim

Logic GND: Txuas rau GND ntawm koj lub microcontroller.

Kev tawm tswv yim 1: Txuas mus rau cov khoom siv digital los ntawm koj lub microcontroller, lossis tso tseg tsis txuas yog tias tsis siv channel.

Kev tawm tswv yim 2: Txuas mus rau cov khoom siv digital los ntawm koj lub microcontroller, lossis tso tseg tsis txuas yog tias tsis siv channel.

Kev tawm tswv yim 3: Txuas mus rau cov khoom siv digital los ntawm koj lub microcontroller, lossis tso tseg tsis txuas yog tias channel tsis siv.

Kev tawm tswv yim 4: Txuas mus rau cov khoom siv digital los ntawm koj lub microcontroller, lossis tso tseg tsis txuas yog tias tsis siv channel.

Kev xa xov hluav taws xob +: Txuas mus rau qhov zoo (+) coj ntawm lub zog qhov chaw rau koj qhov xa tawm. Yuav yog 5 txog 24V DC.

Kev xa xov hluav taws xob -: Txuas mus rau qhov tsis zoo (-) cov hlau lead ntawm lub zog siv rau koj qhov xa tawm.

Relay 1 +: Txuas mus rau + sab ntawm lub kauj ntawm koj thawj qhov xa tawm

Relay 1 -: Txuas mus rau - sab ntawm lub kauj ntawm koj thawj qhov txuas.

Relay 2/3/4 +: Raws li Tshaj Tawm 1 +.

Relay 2/3/4 -: Raws li Tshaj Tawm 1 -.

Kauj ruam 10: PCB Layout

Kauj Ruam 11: Kev xaj cov PCBs

Tam sim no peb tau txais PCB tsim thiab nws yog lub sijhawm los xaj cov PCB. Txog qhov ntawd, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum mus rau JLCPCB.com, thiab nyem rau ntawm "QUOTE NOW" khawm.

Kauj ruam 12:

JLCPCB kuj yog tus txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm no. JLCPCB (ShenzhenJLC Electronics Co., Ltd.), yog lub tuam txhab PCB loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv PCB sai sai thiab tsim cov PCB me me. Koj tuaj yeem xaj yam tsawg kawg ntawm 5 PCBs rau tsuas yog $ 2.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais PCB tsim, xa cov ntaub ntawv gerber koj rub tawm hauv cov kauj ruam kawg. Rub cov ntaub ntawv.zip lossis koj tseem tuaj yeem rub thiab poob cov ntaub ntawv gerber.

Kauj ruam 13:

Tom qab xa cov ntawv zip, koj yuav pom cov lus ua tiav hauv qab yog tias cov ntawv tau ua tiav tiav.

Kauj ruam 14:

Koj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas PCB hauv Gerber tus saib kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam zoo. Koj tuaj yeem saib ob sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm PCB.

Tom qab ua kom ntseeg tau tias peb cov PCB zoo, tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tso qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog. Koj tuaj yeem xaj 5 PCBs rau tsuas yog $ 2 tab sis yog tias nws yog koj thawj xaj ces koj tuaj yeem tau txais 10 PCBs rau $ 2.

Txhawm rau txiav txim, nyem rau ntawm "SAVE TO CART" khawm.

Kuv cov PCBs tau siv 2 hnub los tsim khoom thiab tuaj txog hauv ib lub lis piam siv DHL qhov kev xaiv xa khoom. PCBs tau ntim tau zoo thiab qhov ua tau zoo tiag tiag.