Hmo Hmo Pom Kev Tsaus Ntuj & Tsaus Ntuj Pom Kev - Tsis Muaj Micro: 7 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Cov lus qhia no yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob txhuam koj cov ntiv taw thaum taug kev los ntawm chav tsaus. Koj tuaj yeem hais nws yog rau koj tus kheej kev nyab xeeb yog tias koj sawv thaum hmo ntuj thiab sim ua kom lub qhov rooj nyab xeeb. Tau kawg koj tuaj yeem siv lub teeb rau ntawm lub txaj lossis lub teeb tseem ceeb vim tias koj muaj lub teeb nyob ib sab ntawm koj, tab sis nws yooj yim npaum li cas, kom ua rau koj lub qhov muag ci nrog 60W lub teeb thaum koj nyuam qhuav sawv?

Nws yog hais txog LED-sawb koj nce hauv qab koj lub txaj uas tau tswj los ntawm ob lub ntsuas hluav taws xob uas pom qhov txav thiab qib tsaus ntuj hauv koj chav. Nws yuav khiav ntawm lub zog qis thiab ci ci kom muab lub teeb zoo nkauj heev thaum hmo ntuj. Kuj tseem muaj peev xwm tswj hwm qhov ci ci-pib ua kom haum rau txhua qhov chaw. Tsis xav tau microcontroller los ua txoj haujlwm no. Qhov ntawd txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog thiab nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev yog tias koj twb muaj qee qhov kev paub hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Cai Ntsiab Cai & Cheeb Tsam

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb no yog tias nws muaj ob Mosfet hauv kab nrog LED. Mosfets, uas yuav tsum yog hom qib kev xav - piav qhia tom qab - tau qhib los ntawm ob qhov sib txawv subcircuits uas ib qho teb rau qhov tsaus ntuj thiab lwm qhov rau txav mus los. Yog tias tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv tau hnov tsuas yog ib lub transistor tau qhib thiab lwm qhov tseem tseem thaiv qhov ntws tam sim no los ntawm LED. Kev sib xyaw ua ke no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias koj yuav siv lub roj teeb hluav taws xob yog tias koj qhib lub teeb thaum nruab hnub lossis tsis muaj suab nrov thaum tsaus ntuj. Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau xaiv hauv txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua tsis rau koj tus kheej qhov chaw nyob thiab cov xwm txheej nyob ntawd.

Tsis tas li ntawd lub tsev nyob tau luam tawm 3-D kom haum rau cov khoom siv, uas tsis yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag rau kev ua haujlwm tab sis muaj lub hom phiaj siv tau.

Hloov tshiab: Ib qho tshiab ntawm lub tsev nyob tau tsim tom qab kuv tshaj tawm cov ntawv no. Lub tsev 3D luam tawm tam sim no tseem muaj cov LEDs uas ua rau nws yog "tag nrho-hauv-ib qho" kev daws teeb meem. Cov duab los ntawm kev qhia ntawm kab ntawv no (tus qauv tshiab) txawv ntawm cov uas nyob hauv step7 "Lub hwj chim thiab vaj tsev" (tus qauv qub)

Cov nqi ntaub ntawv:

4x 1.5V roj teeb 1x GL5516 - LDR1x 1 MOhm tsau resistor (R1) 1x 100 kOhm potentiometer1x 100 kOhm tsau resistor (R2) 1x TS393CD - dual voltage comparator1x HC -SR501 - PIR suab sensor1x 2 kOhm tsau resistor (R6) 2x 220 Ohm tsau resistor (R3 & R4) 2x IRLZ34N n-channel Mosfet4x cable lugs flat4x cable lugs (rov qab ib feem)

Kauj Ruam 2: Pom Kev Pom Kev

Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov ci ntawm chav kuv siv lub teeb nyob ntawm tus tiv thaiv (LDR). Kuv tsim qhov faib hluav taws xob nrog 1MOhm tsau resistor. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias hauv qhov tsaus ntuj qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm LDR nce mus txog qhov zoo ib yam. Qhov hluav taws xob poob thoob plaws LDR yog sib piv rau 'tsaus ntuj'.

Kauj Ruam 3: Teeb tsa Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob rau Qhov Tsaus Tsaus

Lub teeb tsaus ntuj yuav ci thaum lub chaw pib tsaus ntuj tshaj. Qhov tso tawm ntawm LDR qhov faib hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab piv rau qee qhov siv. Rau lub hom phiaj no siv qhov faib hluav taws xob thib ob. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev tiv thaiv yog lub zog ntsuas. Qhov ntawd ua rau qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob (piv rau qhov tsaus ntuj) hloov kho. Potentiometer (R_pot) muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 100 kOhm. Tus tiv thaiv ruaj ruaj (R2) yog 100 kOhm ib yam.

Kauj Ruam 4: Hloov Qhov Kev Ntsuas Zoo

Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm ob qhov piav qhia qhov faib hluav taws xob tau pub rau hauv lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. LDR teeb liab txuas nrog rau kev hloov pauv tswv yim thiab cov teeb liab siv rau qhov tsis hloov pauv. OpAmp tsis muaj lub voj tswv yim, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav nthuav dav qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov kev nkag los ntawm qhov ntau dua 10E+05 thiab yog li ua haujlwm sib piv. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tau siab dua piv rau lwm qhov, nws yuav txuas nws cov pin tso rau sab saud (Vcc) thiab yog li tig rau Mosfet Q1. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws yuav tsim cov peev txheej hauv av ntawm tus lej sib piv tus pin uas tawm ntawm Mosfet. Qhov tseeb muaj thaj av me me uas tus sib piv yuav tso tawm qee yam ntawm GND thiab Vcc. Qhov ntawd tshwm sim thaum ob qho hluav taws xob yuav luag zoo ib yam. Cov cheeb tsam no yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ua kom LED ci ci dua.

Kev xaiv TS393 OpAmp yog qhov sib piv voltge ob. Lwm qhov tsim nyog thiab muaj peev xwm pheej yig dua tuaj yeem siv tau ib yam. TS393 tsuas yog tshuav ntawm qhov haujlwm qub.

Kauj Ruam 5: Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Tsab Ntawv

HC-SR501 passive infrared sensor yog cov lus yooj yim heev ntawm no. Nws muaj lub microcontroller ua rau nws uas ua qhov kev kuaj pom qhov tseeb. Nws muaj ob tus pin rau khoom siv (Vcc thiab GND) thiab ib tus pin tso tawm. Qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm yog 3.3V vim li cas qhov tseeb kuv yuav tsum tau siv cov laj thawj-qib Mosfet hom. Hom qib kev xav kom ntseeg tau tias Mosfet tau tsav hauv nws thaj tsam saturation nrog tsuas yog 3.3V. PIR sensor suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus pyroelectrical uas teb nrog kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tau kis los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, piv txwv. Qhov ntawd kuj txhais tau tias nws yuav pom qee yam xws li cov cua sov cua sov uas tau nyab nrog dej kub. Koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig thiab xaiv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub ntsuas kom haum. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev soj ntsuam yog txwv rau 120 °. Nws muaj ob lub tshuab txiav plaub hau uas koj tuaj yeem siv los txhawm rau ua kom nkag siab thiab ncua sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov rhiab heev kom nce thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw koj xav saib. Lub tshuab txiav qeeb tuaj yeem siv los kho lub sijhawm uas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tso tawm cov ntsiab lus siab.

Hauv qhov kawg ntawm daim duab thaiv kab ntawv koj tuaj yeem pom tias nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tso tawm thiab lub qhov rooj ntawm Q2 muaj tus tiv thaiv kab hauv kab los txwv qhov tam sim no kos los ntawm lub ntsuas (R4 = 220 Ohm).

Kauj Ruam 6: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Tom qab nkag siab txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov Circuit Court tuaj yeem tsim tau. Qhov no yuav tsum ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv tais ua ntej! Yog tias koj pib nrog sib dhos nws ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit nws yuav nyuaj dua los hloov lossis txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua qhov Circuit Court tom qab. Qhov tseeb koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab ntawm kuv lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court uas kuv tau ua qee qhov rov ua haujlwm thiab yog li nws zoo li ntxig me ntsis.

Cov txiaj ntsig sib piv xav tau yuav tsum tau nruab nrog rub tawm tus tiv thaiv R6 (2 kOhm) - yog tias koj siv tus sib piv sib txawv ces nco ntsoov xyuas cov ntawv teev npe. Ib qho ntxiv resistor R3 tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm kev sib piv thiab Mosfet Q1 rau tib qho laj thawj raws li tau piav qhia rau PIR. Kev tiv thaiv R5 yog nyob ntawm koj li LED. Hauv qhov no ib qho luv luv ntawm LED stript tau siv. Nws muaj cov LEDs zoo li tus tiv thaiv R5 twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv.

Kauj Ruam 7: Lub Hwj Huam thiab Vaj Tsev

Hloov tshiab: Cov vaj tsev nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov ntawv no yog kev rov tsim dua tshiab. Nws tau ua tiav txhawm rau kom muaj kev daws teeb meem tag nrho-hauv-ib. Cov LEDs ci los ntawm sab hauv los ntawm txheej "pob tshab" yas. Yog tias qhov no tsis siv rau koj, thawj lub tswv yim ntawm thawj tsab ntawv tau qhia ntawm no hauv theem no. (Yog tias muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov tsim qauv tshiab, kuv tuaj yeem txuas nws ib yam)

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, plaub lub roj teeb AAA 1.5V yuav txhawb lub zog. Qhov tseeb nws yuav zoo dua rau koj kom siv ib lub roj teeb 9V thiab muab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tag nrho cov Circuit Court. Tom qab ntawd koj kuj tsis tas yuav luam 3-D roj teeb lub tsev uas txuas rau lub roj teeb los ntawm cov hlua txuas.

Lub tsev nyob yog thawj qhov qauv yooj yim thiab muaj qee qhov rau cov ntsuas. Hauv thawj daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom lub qhov loj nyob rau pem hauv ntej rau lub suab txav thiab sab laug lub qhov rau LDR. Cov hlua LED yuav tsum yog sab nraud ntawm lub tsev nyob nrog qhov deb ib yam rau nws vim nws yuav cuam tshuam rau LDR.