Intro rau IR Circuits: 8 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

IR yog cov thev naus laus zis nyuaj tab sis yooj yim heev los ua haujlwm nrog. Tsis zoo li LEDs lossis LASERs, Infrared tsis tuaj yeem pom nrog tib neeg qhov muag. Hauv Cov Lus Qhia no, Kuv yuav qhia pom kev siv Infrared hla 3 qhov sib txawv.

Cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsis siv IR cov txais lossis microcontrollers, hloov pauv, lawv yuav siv photodiode txhawm rau txheeb xyuas IR teeb liab vim nws yooj yim dua.

Kauj Ruam 1: IR LED & Photodiode Basics

Peb qhov haujlwm tag nrho yog nyob ntawm IR LED thiab Photodiode. IR LED tso tawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob hauv txhua qhov kev qhia, lub photodiode tau muab tso rau ib sab ntawm nws yog li yog ib yam khoom tau ze rau nws, nws yuav cuam tshuam cov duab hluav taws xob infrared rau hauv photodiode, photodiode tig lub infrared nws nqus mus rau hauv lub teeb liab, teeb liab. tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem qhib lwm yam. Nco tseg daim duab saum toj no muaj dub IR LED thiab pob tshab duab photodiode, qhov no tsis zoo li feem ntau yog lwm txoj hauv kev ib puag ncig, tab sis 3 txoj haujlwm hauv qab no siv hom ib txwm IR khub (IR LED: pob tshab, Photodiode: Dub/tsaus) ntshav). Cov xim ntawm diodes tsis muaj teeb meem tab sis tsuas yog ua kom koj nco qab tias qhov twg yog qhov twg.

Tej yam tseem ceeb yuav tau ceeb toom (Thov nyeem cov hauv qab no):

IR LED: Cov duab hluav taws xob LED tso tawm IR hluav taws xob, peb tsis tuaj yeem pom hluav taws xob vim tias nws muaj qis dua li pom lub teeb, tib neeg tsuas tuaj yeem pom infrared li cua sov (yog li IR LED tuaj yeem kub me ntsis, qhov ib txwm muaj), thiab hluav taws xob yog tsis muaj teeb meem vim nws tsuas yog cua sov.

Photodiode: Lub photodiode zoo ib yam li LED tab sis nws tsis muab lub teeb tawm, hloov pauv, nws yog lub teeb pom kev zoo (zoo li LDR tab sis tsis zoo ib yam). Lub photodiode tuaj yeem ua ntau yam ntawv: nws feem ntau zoo li cov xim dub tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem pob tshab (uas tsis tau muab nws sib xyaw nrog lwm cov LEDs). Lub photodiode txuas nrog sib txawv ntawm cov LEDs ib txwm, hloov Vcc mus rau anode ntawm LED, nws yog Vcc rau cathode ntawm photodiode (zoo li koj txuas cov roj teeb li cas).

Thaum yuav khoom IR LEDs thiab photodiodes, sim yuav lawv ua khub vim qee zaum IR LED tsis ua haujlwm nrog photodiode.

Kauj Ruam 2: IR Circuit 1

Thawj qhov IR Circuit yuav tsuas yog qhia seb cov khub (IR LED & Photodiode) ua haujlwm li cas. Los ntawm kev siv lub transistor, peb tuaj yeem hloov qhov qias neeg analog los ntawm photodiode mus rau hauv kev sib piv huv uas cov zis LED nyiam dua. Lub Circuit Court yog qhov yooj yim heev, txhua yam nws xav tau yog:

Resistor: 2x 220ohm (lossis zoo sib xws), 1x 10k

Diode: 1x IR LED, 1x Generic LED, 1x Photodiode

Transistor: 1x BC547 (lossis ib qho sib npaug NPN transistor piv txwv li 2n2222A)

Lub hwj chim 5v (USB zoo), jumper xov hlau thiab lub khob cij.

Kauj Ruam 3: IR Circuit 1 Test

Ua ntej koj ua tiav qhov Circuit Court, xyuas kom tseeb tias IR LED thiab Photodiode tau muab tso rau ib sab.

Thaum lub voj voog tiav, sim ntsuas lub ntsuas los ntawm cov khoom lossis koj tus ntiv tes txog 5cm siab dua ob lub diodes, tom qab ntawd maj mam txav cov khoom/ntiv tes mus rau lub diodes kom txog thaum koj kov ob qho tib si. Cov LED dav dav yuav tsum teeb pom kev ze dua koj tau txais, qhov no yog vim qhov khoom tau cuam tshuam ntau dua infrared rau hauv photodiode.

Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, txheeb xyuas koj tau tso lub photodiode kom raug, txheeb xyuas koj cov xov hlau txuas, txheeb xyuas koj lub zog siv, yog tias tsis muaj kev pab no, teeb meem yuav tshwm sim ntawm IR LED thiab photodiode (koj yuav tsum yuav cov tshiab lossis sim lwm khub).

Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis ua haujlwm hauv qab lub hnub lossis lub teeb ci heev vim qhov ntawd yuav ua rau lub photodiode tsis meej pem.

Kauj Ruam 4: IR Circuit 2

Tam sim no koj nkag siab li cas IR LED thiab Photodiode ua haujlwm ua ke ua lub ntsuas pa, peb tab tom yuav hloov pauv yav dhau los mus rau hauv lub tswb ntsuas hluav taws xob. Lub voj voog no yuav siv OP Amp txhawm rau ua kom nrov dua lub teeb liab photodiodes, lub suab nrov tau txuas nrog rau qhov tso tawm ntawm OP Amp tab sis qhov ntawd tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab hloov pauv nrog lwm qhov kev tiv thaiv/Circuit.

Lub voj voog no yuav xav tau:

Resistor: 1x 220 (lossis zoo sib xws), 1x 10k

Potentiometer: 1x 10k

Diode: 1x IR LED, 1x Photodiode

IC nti: 1x LM358

Lwm tus: 1x Buzzer lossis hloov nws nrog koj tus kheej Circuit.

5v fais fab mov (USB zoo), Breadboard, jumper xov hlau.

Kauj Ruam 5: IR Circuit 2 Test

Nco ntsoov ob lub diodes yuav tsum nyob ib sab ib yam li lub voj voog kawg. Txhawm rau ntsuas lub Circuit, txav ib qho khoom lossis koj txhais tes saum ob lub diodes, qhov no yuav tsum ua rau lub tswb nrov. Koj tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov rhiab heev ntawm photodiode los ntawm kev tig lub hwj chim, yuav muaj lub ntsiab lus thaum lub tswb nrov ib txwm nyob, qhov no yog vim tias photodiode nkag siab rau IR nws pom nws los ntawm huab cua ib puag ncig nws. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kuv los qhia kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit hauv daim duab saum toj no tab sis tsuas yog xav txog qhov koj tuaj yeem hnov lub suab ntawm lub suab nrov.

Tsis txhob ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court hauv qab lub hnub lossis lub teeb ci heev vim tias qhov ntawd tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov photodiode.

Txhawm rau daws teeb meem, rov ua cov kauj ruam 3.

Kauj Ruam 6: IR Circuit 3

Hauv Circuit no, peb yuav qhib lub LED (lossis ib qho tawm) yam tsis tau nias lub pob. Lub sijhawm no yuav siv ob khub IR LEDs thiab Photodiodes. Hloov chaw ntawm kev siv OP Amplifier, peb yuav siv 555 lub sijhawm ua kom yooj yim. Peb tseem yuav coj rov qab cov transistors kom ua rau cov teeb liab zoo sib xws.

Lub voj voog no yuav xav tau:

Resistor: 3x 220ohm, 2x 10k, 2x 1M, 2x 3M

Capacitor: 1 x 10 nf

Diode: 2x IR LED, 2x Photodiode, 1x generic LED

Transistor: BC547 (lossis sib npaug)

IC nti: 1x 555 timer

5v fais fab mov (USB zoo), Breadboard, jumper xov hlau

Nco ntsoov tias ob khub ntawm diodes muaj qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog li lawv yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov tias koj muab cov diodes raug.

Kauj Ruam 7: IR Circuit 3 Test

Lub Circuit Court muaj ob khub ntawm diodes, ib qho hloov qhov tso tawm, lwm qhov tig nws tawm. Koj yuav tsum xub xam tawm tus khub ntawm diodes tswj hwm dab tsi. Thaum koj ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem tig cov khoom tso tawm los ntawm kev tuav cov khoom hla ib khub ntawm diodes. Cov zis yuav nyob twj ywm txawm tias tom qab koj tau tshem koj lub cuab tam tawm ntawm lub sensor, cov zis yuav tsuas kaw yog tias koj nqa ib yam khoom hla lwm lub sensor, nws yuav nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum koj rov ua cov txheej txheem no.

Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis txhob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj.

Kauj Ruam 8: Ntau Yam Khoom IR

Muaj lub ntiaj teb loj dua rau IR circuits, nws tsis nyuab heev tab sis yog qhov txaus nyiam heev. Hloov chaw ntawm IR LEDs thiab Photodiodes, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua yuav suav nrog IR cov chaw deb thiab IR cov txais, cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem npog ntau ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv.

Yuav tsum muaj lus nug, thov koj xav nug.