Tswj Lub Teeb Hluav Taws Xob Nrog Lub Taw Qhia Laser thiab Arduino: 4 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:31

Ob peb tus tswv cuab ntawm Alpha One Labs Hackerspace tsis nyiam lub teeb hnyav uas tau muab los ntawm cov teeb ci ci. Lawv xav tau ib txoj hauv kev kom tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom sib dhos yooj yim, tej zaum nrog lub laser taw qhia? Kuv tau txais txoj cai ntawm nws. Kuv khawb tawm ib pawg ntawm cov xeev ruaj khov thiab coj lawv mus rau Lab. Kuv yuav Arduino Duemilenova thiab qhia txog kev siv LED Blink piv txwv kos duab kom ua rau ntsais teeb lub teeb halogen. Kuv pom qee cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv LEDs ua lub teeb pom kev [1] thiab daim duab Arduino qhia txog cov txheej txheem [2]. Kuv pom tias cov LEDs tsis ze li qhov txaus - lub laser yuav tsum taw tes ncaj mus rau hauv lub teeb ci ib feem, lossis LED yuav tsis sau npe. Yog li kuv hloov mus rau phototransistors. Lawv muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua, thiab ntau qhov ntau ntawm cov zaus. Nrog cov lim kom raug hla lub transistor kuv tuaj yeem ua rau nws nkag siab ntau dua rau lub teeb liab, thiab los ntawm ntau qhov dav ntawm cov ces kaum mus rau lub sensor. Siv kev nkag siab zoo yog tias koj tsim lub voj voog no - yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qee yam, nug ib tus neeg paub. Koj yog lub luag haujlwm rau koj (thiab lwm tus ') kev nyab xeeb, thiab ua raws li cov cai hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam.

Kauj Ruam 1: Kos Duab thiab Qee Qhov Kev Xav

Kuv yuav xav tias koj paub yuav siv zog li cas rau koj Arduino, thiab tau txais daim duab sau ua ke thiab ntsaws rau hauv. Rau txhua lub teeb kuv siv xov tooj cable, vim nws pheej yig, muaj plaub tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kuv muaj pawg tso nyob ib ncig. Kuv siv liab rau ib txwm +, dub rau hauv av, ntsuab rau tus neeg khaws phototransistor, thiab daj rau kev tswj hwm kev xa xov +. A phototransistor hla tus nqi tam sim no uas txawv nrog qhov pom kev poob ntawm nws. Analog rau Digital Converter (ADC) hauv arduino ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob ntawm tus pin txheeb ze rau hauv av. Kuv tau saib ntawm daim ntawv xov xwm phototransistor thiab txheeb xyuas nrog lub multimeter tias transistors dhau 10mA ntawm lub teeb ci. Siv Ohm txoj cai, uas yog kwv yees li 500 ohms ntawm 5V, Txhawm rau tswj lub teeb Kuv tau siv lub xeev cov khoom siv sib txuas. Cov no yog qhov pheej yig ntawm qhov ntsuas tam sim no peb xav tau, kwv yees li $ 4 txog li 4A. Nco ntsoov yuav cov khoom siv sib txuas nrog lub xoom hla hla lub ntsuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tswj hwm ib yam dab tsi inductive, zoo li lub teeb fluorescent, lub cev muaj zog, lossis phab ntsa-wart transformer. Hloov lawv rau lossis tawm ntawm txhua qhov tab sis qhov xoom taw tes tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov hluav taws xob zoo li qhov zoo tshaj yuav txo qis lub neej ntawm koj lub cuab yeej, thiab qhov phem tshaj pib hluav taws.

Kauj Ruam 2: Teeb Lub Teeb

Saib hauv qab nthab thiab txiav txim siab qhov twg koj yuav nce Arduino maub los. Nco ntsoov tias nws yuav xav tau 7-12v lub zog muab khoom siv. Txiav qhov ntev ntawm xov tooj xov tooj (lossis cat5 lossis xijpeem) txog ob txhais taw ntev dua qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Arduino mus rau txhua lub teeb uas koj xav tswj. Muaj kev saib ntawm qhov txuas los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv ballast. Koj yuav tuaj yeem xaj cov khoom sib txuas (Newark Electronics muag Wago 930 series, uas yog yam peb muaj). Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsis xav tau txiav cov xov hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov system yog tias muaj qee yam tsis raug. Muag lub hauv av (dub) rau cov khoom siv xa tawm -, thiab kev tswj hwm (daj) rau kev xa tawm + (xim xim hauv daim duab yog txawv ntawm qhov kuv muab tso rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, txij li kuv tau hloov kuv lub siab txog qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo). Solder lossis ntsia hlau rau (nyob ntawm koj qhov txuas) dub (kub) xaim los ntawm kev xa tawm. Nco ntsoov siv cua sov ntsws thiab daim kab xev hluav taws xob! Thawb cov xov dub rau hauv koj cov txuas thiab cov dawb (nruab nrab) thiab hauv av (ntsuab) tsuas yog ncaj ncaj los ntawm txuas mus rau txuas txuas. Qhov lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov xov hlau mus rau Arduino raws li hauv qab no: Txhua lub xov tooj liab (cov cathode lossis cov khoom sib sau) mus rau Analog 0 (chaw nres nkoj C0), thiab tag nrho cov dub rau hauv av. Txhua qhov ntsuab (anode lossis emitter) mus rau tus pin 8-13 (chaw nres nkoj B 0-5) thiab cov xov hlau daj mus rau tus pin 2-7 (chaw nres nkoj D 2-7). Nco ntsoov tias cov xov hlau ntsuab thiab daj sib phim, vim tias lub ntsuas cua xav tau los tswj qhov kev xa tawm kom raug! Yog tias koj tso daj rau tus pin 2, ntsuab los ntawm cov khoom sib xws mus rau tus pin 8.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kuaj Cov Kos Duab thiab Tsim Cov Lus Cim

Hauv cov kauj ruam no kuv yuav tham txog qee qhov kev sim siab thiab kev txom nyem uas kuv tau ntsib ntawm txoj kev, thiab kuv ua haujlwm li cas los ntawm lawv, vam tias nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis pub dawb hla mus rau qib tom ntej yog Science Cov ntsiab lus tsis yog koj li:-) Thawj kauj ruam tau txiav txim siab seb puas yuav siv lub peev xwm nkag siab lossis tiv thaiv kev xav. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog txuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob los ntawm tus tiv thaiv mus rau ib qho ntawm cov pins analog thiab ua analogRead thiab muab piv rau qhov pib. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv, tab sis siv ntau qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas. Koj txoj kev xav ntawm lub peev xwm nkag siab yog tias thaum thim rov qab tsis ncaj ncees (- rau + cov hlau lead thiab hloov pauv), ib qho LED yuav tsis tso cai rau tam sim no ntws, tab sis cov hluav taws xob yuav sau rau ntawm ib sab thiab tawm mus rau lwm sab, ua kom zoo them lub capacitor. Lub teeb ntog ntawm LED ntawm qhov zaus uas nws ib txwm tso tawm yuav ua rau muaj dej ntws tawm tam sim no, uas tso tawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob no. Yog li yog tias peb tsub tus LED 'lub tshuab hluav taws xob' thiab suav ntev npaum li cas nws yuav tawm mus los ntawm tus tiv thaiv, peb tau txais lub tswv yim ntxhib ntawm lub teeb pom kev poob ntau npaum li cas ntawm LED. Qhov no tau ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau ntau dua ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txawv, thiab tseem ua haujlwm rau cov kws tshaj lij duab! Txij li thaum peb tsis ua qhov ntsuas lumen meej, thiab lub ntsuas phoo laser yuav tsum tshwm ntau dua li qhov ib puag ncig, peb tsuas yog saib rau lub sijhawm pib tso tawm. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev lom zem no yog debugging. Rau cov neeg paub txog kev tsim cov txheej txheem uas tsis tau teeb tsa, txoj hauv kev nrov yog ntxiv cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv txoj cai. Qhov no kuj tseem siv rau cov kab ke ua haujlwm, tab sis thaum txhua txhua microsecond suav, lub sijhawm rau Serial.write ("x yog"); Serial.writeln (x); yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab koj yuav tuaj ntsib ntau qhov xwm txheej hauv tus txheej txheem. Yog li nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tso koj cov ntawv luam tawm sab nraum ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb, lossis txhua lub sijhawm koj xav tias yuav muaj xwm txheej. Qee zaum ntsais ib qho LED txaus los qhia rau koj paub tias koj tau mus txog qee qhov hauv cov cai.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ntxiv Web Tswj

Yog tias koj saib los ntawm daim duab, koj pom tias kuv kuj tau nyeem kab ntawv chaw nres nkoj, thiab ua raws li ob peb tus cim nkaus xwb. Tus cim 'n' tig rau txhua lub teeb, thiab 'f' tig lawv tawm. Cov lej '0'-'5' toggle lub xeev ntawm lub teeb txuas nrog rau cov ntawv tso tawm ntawd. Yog li koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pov tseg ua ke CGI tsab ntawv (lossis servlet, lossis lub vev xaib thev naus laus zis ntab koj lub nkoj) los tswj koj lub teeb nyob deb. Serial.writes tseem tso tawm thaum twg lub teeb raug hloov pauv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, yog li nplooj ntawv tuaj yeem muaj Ajax hloov tshiab los qhia qhov xwm txheej tam sim no. Tib neeg xav txog lub teeb, thiab thaum lawv txav lub teeb ntawd yuav hloov. Ntawd yog 'delta' ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau kuv muaj.