Tus Pib Phau Ntawv Qhia rau Microcontrollers: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Cov tswj chaw taws teeb, routers, thiab neeg hlau txhua tus muaj dab tsi? Microcontrollers! Hnub no, cov neeg siv khoom siv yooj yim microcontrollers tau yooj yim siv thiab ua haujlwm nrog tsuas yog lub khoos phis tawj, USB cable, thiab qee qhov (pub dawb) qhib qhov software. Woohoo !! Txhua qhov haujlwm, ntawm no peb tuaj!

Tus ntes? Muaj zoo li, 4324302* microcontrollers sib txawv thiab nws tuaj yeem txaus ntshai kom pib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tab tom nkag mus rau hluav taws xob. Koj pib qhov twg?

Ntawm no, bbies, Kuv tau txais chu. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav tsim qee qhov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob txias, kawm ua haujlwm/thev naus laus zis, lossis xav qhia lwm tus txog kev siv hluav taws xob, qhov kev qhia no yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas seb microcontroller zoo li cas rau koj cov kev xav tau, lub hom phiaj, thiab pob peev nyiaj. Yay! Cia peb pib!

Lub Sijhawm Nyeem Ntawv: ~ 20 feeb

*Ok, ok, tej zaum tsis *uas *ntau, tab sis twv yuav raug hu ob peb kaum!

Kauj ruam 1: Tos…. Microcontroller yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum koj tau pom lo lus no thiab zoo li "wtf" tab sis tsis zoo li txaus los nug*. Zoo tag nrho, ntawm no yog qhov nrawm nrawm:

Lub microcontroller yog "lub khoos phis tawj yooj yim" uas ua haujlwm ib txoj haujlwm hauv lub voj. Lawv tau tsim los ua ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Hauv phau ntawv qhia no, peb yuav tsom mus rau microcontrollers uas muaj cov laug cam tawg, lossis pawg thawj coj uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev sib txuas rau thiab teeb tsa lub microcontroller.

Ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm tawg, lub microcontroller pins tau muab muag rau lub tshuab luam ntawv Circuit Board ("PCB"), lub taub hau lossis lwm yam txuas txuas ntxiv rau PCB, thiab qee qhov firmware yooj yim, lossis software ruaj khov, tau thauj khoom los npaj microcontroller kom tau txais cov cim.

*Cov lus nug ib txwm zoo txawm tias lawv yog "ruam" lossis "n00by", tsuas yog nrhiav qhov chaw nyab xeeb - zoo li Cov Lus Qhia!

Kauj Ruam 2: Qhov txawv ntawm Raspberry Pi thiab Microcontroller li cas?

Raspberry Pi tsis yog tsuas yog me me thiab ntxim nyiam, nws tseem yog lub khoos phis tawj puv nkaus!: D

Cov khoos phis tawj muaj microprocessors THIAB microcontrollers uas ua haujlwm ua ke los ua ntau txoj haujlwm ib zaug.

Tus microprocessor yog dab tsi ua "nqa hnyav" hauv lub khoos phis tawj. Nws ua cov lus qhia thiab kev suav uas ua rau lub computer ua haujlwm. Microprocessors tau nrawm dua microcontrollers, tab sis lawv xav tau cov peev txheej sab nraud xws li RAM, Cov tswv yim/tawm cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab lwm yam.

Khoos phis tawj (uas muaj cov tswv yim tawm tswv yim, khaws cia, thiab ua haujlwm) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntau lub program nyob rau ib lub sijhawm - koj tuaj yeem siv Internet, nco txog cov duab qub, sau ntawv, thiab zoo li 1000 tabs qhib txhua lub sijhawm! Microcontrollers … tsis yog li ntawd. Koj tuaj yeem ua ib yam ntawm cov no, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam.

Txhawm rau kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog Raspberry Pi, txheeb xyuas ntu kawg ntawm qhov kev qhia no!

Kauj Ruam 3: Arduino (Uno)

Muaj zog, qhib-qhov microcontroller thiab ib puag ncig kev tsim qauv tsim rau cov pib nrog qee qhov kev paub txog kev siv hluav taws xob.

Cov Hnub Nyoog Pom Zoo: 12+ (o r cov menyuam yooj yim nrog kev qhia thiab lej lej)

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab: ~ $ 35

Muaj ntau ntau hom sib txawv ntawm Arduino cov laug cam. Nov yog Arduino Uno, qhov zoo tshaj rau cov pib tshiab! Muaj cov laug cam uas loj dua, me dua, hnav tau, thiab rau kev siv tshwj xeeb zoo li neeg hlau.

Kev paub nrog Arduino cov laug cam thiab cov phiaj xwm qhia tau zoo rau cov haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv computer science, engineering, thiab tsim qauv.

Nta Kho Vajtse

• Arduino Uno muaj 14 Digital Input & Output ("I/O") pins, 6 Analog I/O pins, 2 Power Out pins (3.3V and 5V), thiab 3 Ground (GND) pins.
• Lub hwj chim tawm tswv yim tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm 5 txog 12 VDC

• ICSP lub taub hau tso cai rau koj txuas ib tuj ntawm cov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov laug cam hu ua "ntaub thaiv npog".

  Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv daim thaiv npog WiFi txuas koj Arduino mus rau 'net

Cov Kev Kawm Lus: Txuas (Combo ntawm C ++/Ua Haujlwm)

Piv txwv li Project: Motion-Reactive Shake the Maze Game!

Muas/Kawm Ntxiv: Arduino Website

Kauj Ruam 4: Micro: Me ntsis

Ib tus phooj ywg lil 'microcontroller muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov menyuam thiab tib neeg nyuam qhuav pib nrog kev sau thiab kho vajtse.

Cov Hnub Nyoog Pom Zoo: 8+ (lossis cov menyuam yooj yim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej yooj yim)

Nyuaj: Pib

Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab: ~ $ 15

Micro: Bit yog qhov cuab yeej zoo los pib kawm paub yuav ua li cas, qhia rau lwm tus, tshwj xeeb yog cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib, yuav ua li cas tus lej, thiab ua qauv yooj yim thiab nrawm hauv tshuab hluav taws xob.

Micro: Bit yog kev koom tes ntawm Microsoft thiab BBC kom coj kev kawm khoos phis tawj mus rau hauv chav kawm thoob ntiaj teb.

Kho vajtse nta:

• Micro: Bit muaj 3 Digital thiab Analog I/O pins, 1 Power Out pin (3.3V), thiab 1 Ground (GND) pin
• Lub hwj chim tawm tswv yim yuav tsum yog 3 - 5 VDC ntawm micro USB cable lossis txuas lub roj teeb pob.

• Nws kuj tseem muaj ntau ntawm cov tswv yim nkag, tawm, thiab ntsuas!

  • 5x5 (25) LED matrix
  • Ob (2) Pushbuttons (A, B)
  • Xov tooj cua Tshaj Tawm thiab Txais
  • Accelerometer
  • Compass
  • Lub Teeb thiab Qhov Kub Kub
• Rau ntau I/O pins, lob Micro: Me ntsis tawg!

Hom Kev Kawm Lus: Thaiv-Raws lossis Javascript (www. MakeCode.org); tseem tuaj yeem siv CircuitPython

Piv txwv li Project: Text Messenger Puppet!

Muas/Kawm Ntxiv: Micro: Me Lub Vev Xaib

Kauj Ruam 5: Circuit Chaw Ua Si Qhia Tawm

Muaj ntau yam microcontroller zoo rau cov menyuam thiab cov tib neeg nyuam qhuav pib nrog coding thiab kho vajtse.

Nco tseg: Tseem muaj Circuit Chaw Ua Si Classic - kho vajtse yuav luag zoo ib yam, tab sis pawg thawj coj no tau teeb tsa hauv Arduino IDE.

Cov Hnub Nyoog Pom Zoo: 8+ (lossis cov menyuam yooj yim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej yooj yim)

Nyuaj: Pib

Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab: ~ $ 25

Circuit Circuit Playground Express, lossis CPX, yog cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig los kawm paub yuav ua tus lej li cas, qhia rau lwm tus paub yuav ua li cas rau tus lej, thiab ua tus qauv sai rau cov pib tshiab rau cov kws tshaj lij ib yam.

Qhov Chaw Ua Si Hauv Circuit Qhia yog lub zog loj thiab muaj ntau yam microcontroller tsim los ntawm Adafruit Industries.

Nta Kho Vajtse

• CPX muaj 7 Digital/Analog Input & Output ("I/O") ntiv nplhaib uas tseem muaj peev xwm kov tau!

  • 1 "tseeb" Analog I/O ring
  • 2 Lub hwj chim tawm lub nplhaib (3.3V)
  • 3 Av (GND) tus pin
• Lub hwj chim tawm tswv yim yuav tsum yog 3 - 5 VDC ntawm micro USB cable lossis txuas lub roj teeb pob.

• Kuj tseem muaj tons ntawm onboard nkag, tso tawm, thiab ntsuas!

  • 10 Mini Neopixels (tuaj yeem yog txhua xim)
  • 2 Pushbuttons (A, B)
  • 1 Swb Hloov

  • Infrared Transmitter thiab Txais

    Muaj peev xwm tau txais/xa cov lej tswj chaw taws teeb, xa xov ntawm CPXs, thiab ua raws qhov ntsuas nrug

  • Accelerometer
  • Suab sensor thiab hais lus mini
  • Lub Teeb thiab Qhov Kub Kub

Hom Kev Kawm Lus: Thaiv-Raws lossis Javascript (www. MakeCode.org); tseem tuaj yeem siv CircuitPython thiab thaiv (Arduino IDE)

Piv txwv li Project: Minecraft Gesture Controller!

Muas/Kawm Ntxiv: Adafruit Industries

Kauj Ruam 6: Makey Makey

Kev sib tham sib tham ua ntej microcontroller zoo rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg tshiab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov lej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov uas xav ua si nrog thev naus laus zis yam tsis tas yuav tsim cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov cai.

Pom Hnub Nyoog: 5+ (lossis menyuam yaus yooj yim nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim)

Nyuaj: Pib

Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab: ~ $ 50

Makey Makey yog thawj kauj ruam zoo rau hluav taws xob thiab thev naus laus zis - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub program! Txuas cov kab nab kuab rau cov ntaub qhwv thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ib qho khoom siv me me, zoo li txhais tes, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis cov khoom hlau, txhawm rau qee yam keyboard thiab nas tuav.

Makey Makey yog pawg thawj coj saib xyuas Arduino, lub ntsiab lus uas koj tseem tuaj yeem rov tsim dua nws siv Arduino Integrated Development Environment ("IDE").

Nta Kho Vajtse

• Makey Makey muaj rau (6) lub ntsej muag kov tau ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm pawg thawj coj:

  • Plaub tswj cov keyboard xub tuav,
  • Ib tus tswj lub spacebar, thiab
  • Ib tus tswj hwm tus nas nas nyem.

• Nyob tom qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog lub taub hau pins rau kev tswj hwm ntau ntxiv (tseem muaj peev xwm kov tau):

  • Rau (6) pins uas qhia rau ntawv,
  • Plaub (4) tus pin uas daim ntawv qhia rau xub,
  • Ob (2) tus pin uas daim ntawv qhia rau tus yuam sij nas, thiab
  • Ib (1) tus pin uas daim duab qhia chaw rau tus yuam sij spacebar.
  • Kuj tseem muaj peb (3) dav I/O pins, tus pin 5V, thiab tus pin hauv av.

Hom Lus Qhia: Tsis siv rau cov pib tshiab; tuaj yeem sau Scratch programs (thaiv raws); tuaj yeem rov tsim dua hauv Xov Tooj (Arduino IDE)

Piv txwv tej yaam num

Pib: Piano Pem Teb

Nruab Nrab: Kev Sib Tham Sib Tham Game!

Muas/Kawm Ntxiv: Makey Makey lub vev xaib

Kauj Ruam 7: Lwm Pawg Thawj Coj

Muaj waaaay ntau microcontrollers los npog hauv ib qho kev qhia. Yog tias koj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb xav tau tshwj xeeb, tej zaum muaj lub microcontroller rau qhov ntawd (ib yam li cov apps!). Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev xav rau qee qhov ntawm lwm cov laug cam tsis tau hais hauv qhov kev qhia no, siv cov khoom lag luam ntawm SparkFun Electronics thiab Adafruit Kev Lag Luam thiab/lossis nug cov neeg hauv thaj tsam!

Nov yog qee qhov kuv nyiam:

Particle Photon

Zoo ib yam li Arduino Nano, Photon yog WiFi txuas nrog microcontroller uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau wirelessly. Kev teeb tsa yooj yim tshaj plaws siv (dawb) smartphone app, tab sis yog tias tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm USB hauv yuav luag tib yam lus xws li Arduino*.

Cov Hnub Nyoog Pom Zoo: 12+ (lossis cov menyuam muaj kev yooj yim w/ circuits thiab coding)

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Nqi: ~ $ 20

Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv thiab kom tau txais Photon teeb tsa, mus saib hauv Particle online khw ntawm no.

Hom Kev Kawm Lus: Txuas (ntau dua lossis tsawg dua)

Piv txwv li Project

IoT Muaj Nplai

*Cov xov hlau yog txoj cai, yog li feem ntau Arduino code yuav ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev hloov kho. Tseem tuaj yeem sau hauv C/C ++ lossis ARM sib dhos

Adafruit HUZZAH ESP8266 Kev tawg

Ib qho me me, pheej yig heev (thiab tam sim no nrov heev hauv IoT* zej zog) WiFi microcontroller. Koj yuav xav tau FTDI lossis console cable. Koj tuaj yeem siv Arduino IDE los teeb tsa pawg thawj coj no lossis NodeMCU's Lua Tus Neeg Txhais Lus.

Pom Zoo Hnub Nyoog: 14+ (lossis cov menyuam muaj kev yooj yim nrog kho vajtse & software)

Qhov nyuaj: Nruab nrab ++

Nqi: ~ $ 10

Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus saib HUZZAH Adafruit cov khoom lag luam nplooj ntawv.

(SparkFun kuj tseem muaj lub rooj tsav xwm zoo sib xws, "ESP8266 Yam", uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm no rau ~ $ 15.)

Hom Lus Qhia: Lua (sorta zoo li Python) lossis Txuas (Arduino IDE)

*IoT sawv rau "Internet ntawm Yam", uas yog lo lus uas hais txog kev txuas thiab tswj hwm ntau yam khoom siv kho vajtse, xws li cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, mus rau Is Taws Nem.

Adafruit Trinket M0

Ib tus menyuam yaus me tab sis tseem muaj zog microcontroller uas plooj kab ntawm lub computer thiab microcontroller (nws muaj ATSAMD21E18 32-ntsis Cortex M0 processor). Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog Circuit Python lossis hauv Arudino IDE.

Pom Zoo Hnub Nyoog: 14+ (lossis cov menyuam muaj kev yooj yim nrog kho vajtse & software)

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Nqi: ~ $ 9

Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus ntsib Adafruit nplooj ntawv khoom rau Trinket M0.

Hom Lus Qhia: CircuitPython lossis thaiv (Arduino IDE)

Muaj TON ntawm lwm M0 cov laug cam, zoo ib yam rau Arduino Zero txuas tau yooj yim microcontrollers. Yog tias qhov no tsis haum koj cov kev xav tau lossis koj nyiam, tshawb nrhiav ib puag ncig ntawm Adafruit thiab SparkFun cov vev xaib!

Kauj Ruam 8: Wearable Microcontrollers

Kuj tseem muaj ib txhais tes ntawm microcontrollers tsim los rau cov haujlwm hnav!

Dab tsi ua rau cov tshwj xeeb no yog tias lawv tuaj yeem raug ntxuav, yog li koj tsis tas yuav tshem lawv tawm ntawm qhov haujlwm txaus koj tau ua (tab sis tshem lub roj teeb!)

Wearable microcontrollers kuj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb I/O pins uas ua kom yooj yim rau xaws rau hauv khaub ncaws thiab xaws cov xov hluav taws xob nrog cov xov hluav taws xob. Nov yog qee qhov kuv nyiam:

Adafruit FLORA

Ib lub voj voos uas siv tau yooj yim microcontroller nrog 14 tawm tswv yim thiab tso tawm. Yuav ntxuav (tab sis def tshem lub roj teeb).

Cov Hnub Nyoog Pom Zoo: 12+ (lossis cov menyuam muaj kev yooj yim w/ circuits thiab coding)

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Nqe: $ 15

Cov Kev Kawm Lus: Txuas (Arduino IDE)

Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus saib Adafruit FLORA khoom nplooj ntawv.

Arduino Gemma

Ib lub lil 'me me xaws tau lub microcontroller nrog 3 cov tswv yim thiab cov zis. Zoo meej rau kev nkaum, txuas rau cov khoom me me, thiab tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Pom Hnub Nyoog: 12+

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Nqi: ~ $ 5

Cov Kev Kawm Lus: Txuas (Arduino IDE)

Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus ntsib Arduino Gemma khoom nplooj ntawv.

Arduino Lilypad

Ib lub voj voos uas siv tau yooj yim microcontroller nrog 14 qhov muaj tswv yim thiab tso tawm.

Pom Hnub Nyoog: 12+

Nyuaj: Nruab Nrab

Nqi: ~ $ 25

Cov Kev Kawm Lus: Txuas (Arduino IDE)

Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus ntsib SparkFun nplooj ntawv khoom rau Lilypad.

Kauj Ruam 9: Raspberry Pi 3

Raspberry Pi, lossis Pi luv luv, yog credit-card qhov loj me computer* uas ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Linux thiab tuaj yeem tsim kho kom tswj tau kho vajtse.

Pom Zoo Hnub Nyoog: 12+Los yog cov menyuam yooj yim nrog cov lej thiab lej zauv

Nyuaj: Nruab nrab (yooj yim li lub khoos phis tawj)

Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab: ~ $ 35

Raspberry Pi lub khoos phis tawj, lossis Pi luv luv, tuaj yeem siv ua "tus qauv" lub khoos phis tawj lossis ua tus tswj hwm rau txhua yam ntawm cov phiaj xwm kho vajtse. Nws yog thawj lub khoos phis tawj zoo rau menyuam yaus siv thiab kawm paub tus lej, thiab tau siv dav los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kho vajtse los tsim txhua yam ntawm cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob, los ntawm cov neeg hlau mus rau 3D tshuab luam ntawv mus rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm hauv tsev!

Raspberry Pi tau hloov pauv txoj kev peb tsim hluav taws xob! Muaj ob peb qhov sib txawv, qhov tsis ntev los no yog Raspberry Pi 3 thiab Pi Zero, qhov me me ntawm Pi 3 rau tsuas yog $ 10.

Txheej txheem kho vajtse

• Qhov Kev Pom Zoo Ua Haujlwm ("OS") yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Linux hu ua Raspbian.

• Tus Pi muaj 40 Lub Hom Phiaj Lub Hom Phiaj Tawm Tswv Yim thiab Tso Tawm (“GPIO”) pins.

  • 26 Digital I/O pins (tsis muaj Analog I/O)
  • 4 Lub Hwj Chim Tawm (ob 3.3V thiab ob 5V)
  • 8 Av (GND) tus pin
  • 2 Tus Kheej Tshwj Xeeb (I2C ID EEPROM, siv tau zoo xwb)

• Tus Pi kuj tseem muaj lub khoos phis tawj zoo tshaj plaws:

  • 4 USB chaw nres nkoj
  • 1 Ethernet chaw nres nkoj
  • 1 HDMI chaw nres nkoj
  • 1 Suab Jack
  • 1 Lub Koob Yees Duab Module Port

Hom Lus Qhia (rau GPIO pins): Python lossis C ++

Txij li qhov no yog lub khoos phis tawj tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv txhua yam lus koj xav tau, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm rau lwm lub microcontrollers!

Piv txwv tej yaam num

IoT Tsiaj Saib Xyuas!

Impact Force Monitor

Kev Yuav/Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv: Raspberry Pi Foundation

*Tus Pi tuaj yeem siv tau zoo ib yam li tus tswj hwm tus qauv THIAB tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov tswj hwm microcontrollers! Yeej, Pi yog super txaus thiab kuv * muaj * suav nrog nws txawm tias nws yog lub tshuab computer:)

Kauj Ruam 10: Kev Xav Thaum Kawg

Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav pib thiab xav tsim txhua txoj haujlwm, kuv xav kom Circuit Circuit Chaw Ua Si nthuav qhia. Nws yooj yim heev kom sawv thiab khiav thiab muaj tuj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nkoj.

Yog tias koj txaus siab heev hauv kev sib tham hauv computer, AI, lossis txuas cov khoom rau Is Taws Nem (piv txwv li ua "Tsev Ntse"), Kuv xav qhia rau Raspberry Pi.

Yog tias koj xav tau lub rooj ruaj khov, ruaj khov, thiab ntseeg tau los tsim ntau txoj haujlwm, mus nrog Arduino.

Yog tias koj tseem tsis muaj lub tswv yim pib qhov twg thiab txaus ntshai tag nrho, pib nrog Micro: Bit - nws tsuas yog $ 15 thiab muaj ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg rau nws los ua si nrog. Ntxiv rau, yog tias koj tau txais ib qho rau koj tus phooj ywg, koj tuaj yeem xa lil cov lus rov qab los thiab:)

Cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws kuv tuaj yeem muab rau koj yog nrhiav txoj haujlwm uas koj mob siab rau thiab tsim nws! Muaj ntau qhov kev qhia hauv online yog li tshawb nrhiav ib puag ncig rau ib tus neeg uas tau tsim tib txoj haujlwm lossis zoo ib yam. Tsim tawm ntawm lawv qhov kev tshawb pom thiab kho raws li koj xav tau!

Thiab ntawm chav kawm, tawm ib qho lus nug ntsig txog hauv cov lus thiab kuv yuav ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pab!

Zoo siab hacking!