PC Los Ua Ke Phau Ntawv Qhia: 9 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Zoo siab txais tos rau peb phau ntawv PC los ua ke. Tej zaum koj nyob ntawm no vim tias koj xav paub yuav ua li cas kho lub computer. Zoo tsis txhob txhawj, Peb tau txais koj npog! Hauv phau ntawv qhia no koj yuav tsis tsuas yog kawm yuav ua li cas los ua ke phau ntawv qhia, koj yuav kawm:

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm PC thiab nws lub hom phiaj

• Tus nqi zoo nyob rau txhua feem
• Cov kev xaiv zoo rau txhua feem
• Kev faib tawm tus nqi rau kev tsim a
• PC Kev Nyab Xeeb rau kev sib dhos
• Yuav ua li cas xaim PC
• Qhov twg txhua feem mus

Qhov no yuav ua rau koj sib sau ua ke koj tus kheej lub khoos phis tawj thaum kawm paub ntau yam tseeb txog cov khoom siv hauv computer. Hmoov zoo ntawm koj txoj kev taug los ntawm kuv phau ntawv qhia!

Kauj Ruam 1: Sib Sau Cov Khoom

Thawj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub khoos phis tawj yuav yog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim los tsim ib qho. Qhov feem tau muab faib ua cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv rau lub khoos phis tawj. Cov cuab yeej koj yuav tsum tau ua rau txoj haujlwm no yog:

• Screwdriver (rau slotted thiab Phillips taub hau screws)
• Cov hlau txiav thiab cov txiab
• Koob-qhov ntswg pliers
• Riam riam
• Teeb nyem me me
• Adjustable ciaj ntswj
• Lub thawv me me los tuav cov ntsia hlau
• Cov cua sov ua kom sov
• Grounding Pluaj

Koj yuav tsis xav tau tag nrho cov cuab yeej no txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kom muaj cov cuab yeej no "nyob hauv tes" thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Koj kuj yuav tsum siv lub cuab yeej raug rau kev ua haujlwm, siv lub cuab yeej tsis haum rau txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas thiab cov khoom puas. (Siv riam los tig lub hau tuaj yeem ua rau lub hau ntswj puas).

Cov khoom tsim nyog los tsim kho lub khoos phis tawj yog:

• Tus Txheej Txheem (CPU)
• Computer Case lossis Tower
• Optical Drive (DVD RW thiab SATA muaj peev xwm)
• Nco module (RAM)
• Hwj chim Mov
• SATA cov kab
• Motherboard (SATA Muaj Peev Xwm)
• Heatsink
• Case Ntxuam
• Hard Drive (HDD lossis SSD)
• Ps/2 lossis USB nas (Tsis teb los tau)
• Ps/2 lossis USB keyboard (Tsis teb los tau)
• Khoos phis tawj Saib Xyuas (Tsis teb los tau)
• Assortment ntawm screws

Khoos phis tawj saib, nas thiab keyboard yog xaiv tau; yog tias koj twb muaj cov khoom no lawm nws yuav tsis tsim nyog yuav cov khoom no.

Kauj Ruam 2: Sau Tus Nqi Txheeb Xyuas Cov Khoom

Thaum yuav cov khoom siv rau txoj haujlwm no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tshuaj xyuas cov vev xaib nrov xws li Newegg.ca, CanadaComputers.com lossis TigerDirect.ca rau tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws thiab muag. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem yuav "pob khoom pob txha" tawm ntawm cov vev xaib no uas tuaj yeem muab txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj thiab txuag koj lub sijhawm los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj xyuas rau ib feem. Thaum xaiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb koj yuav tsum tshawb fawb seb puas yog lossis tsis yog koj cov khoom sib xws. Piv txwv li, Intel processor yuav tsum sib xws nrog cov niam ntawv tshwj xeeb. Kev yuav lub Intel processor thiab lub motherboard uas tsis sib xws nrog tus txheej txheem yuav ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.

Motherboard: Cov peev nyiaj zoo rau Motherboard yuav nyob qhov twg hauv nqe ntawm $ 80- $ 150. Lub niam ntawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, qhov no yuav txiav txim siab seb hom RAM koj yuav tsum yuav thiab hom khoom lag luam twg uas koj yuav tsum yuav. Tus nqi Intel sib xws motherboard yog GIGABYTE GA-B250M-DS3H LGA 1151 Intel B250 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard thiab tus nqi AMD sib xws motherboard yog GIGABYTE GA-78LMT-USB3 R2 AM3+/AM3 AMD Micro ATX AMD Motherboard.

Random Access Memory: Cov peev nyiaj zoo rau RAM yuav nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm $ 100 txog $ 150. Feem ntau, lub khoos phis tawj nruab nrab ib hnub yuav tsis xav tau ntau RAM, 8GB yuav txaus. Piv txwv ntawm RAM yog G. SKILL Aegis 8GB (2 x 4GB) 288-Pin DDR4 SDRAM DDR4 2133 (PC4 17000) Intel Z170 Platform / Intel X99 Platform Desktop Memory Model F4-2133C15D-8GIS thiab GeIL EVO POTENZA 8GB (2 x 4GB) 288-Pin DDR4 SDRAM DDR4 2400 (PC4 19200) Desktop Memory Model GPR48GB2400C16DC.

Tus Txheej Txheem (CPU): Lub npe ntawm CPU yuav vam khom lub motherboard uas tau xaiv (Intel lossis AMD). Tus nqi zoo rau CPU yuav yog $ 130- $ 250. Intel tus txheej txheem zoo yuav yog Intel Core i5-7400 Kaby Lake Quad-Core 3.0 GHz LGA 1151 65W BX80677I57400 Desktop Processor thiab AMD processor zoo yuav yog AMD RYZEN 3 1200 4-Core 3.1 GHz (3.4 GHz Turbo) Socket AM4 65W YD1200BBAEBOX Desktop Processor.

Hard Drive (SSD lossis HDD): Tus nqi zoo rau Hard Drive yuav yog $ 70- $ 130 nyob ntawm seb yuav siv qhov chaw ntau npaum li cas rau tus neeg siv. Xyoo 2018, 1-2TB yuav txaus rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab. HDD zoo yuav yog WD Dub 1TB Performance Desktop Hard Disk Drive - 7200 RPM SATA 6Gb/s 64MB Cache 3.5 Inch - WD1003FZEX lossis WD Red 1TB NAS Hard Disk Drive - 5400 RPM Class SATA 6Gb/s 64MB Cache 3.5 Inch - WD10EFRX.

Daim Npav Video (Daim Duab Duab): Rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab hnub, daim npav video yuav tsis yog qhov loj tab sis rau cov neeg ua si, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm PC. Feem ntau cov neeg siv nruab nrab yuav xav tau daim npav duab sib txawv ntawm $ 100 txog $ 200. MSI Radeon R7 250 DirectX 12 R7 250 2GD3 OC 2GB 128-Bit DDR3 PCI Express 3.0 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card thiab Gigabyte Ultra Durable 2 GV-R523D3-1GL (rev. 2.0) Radeon R5 230 Graphic Card-625 MHz Core - 1 GB DDR3 SDRAM - PCI Express 2.0 - Tsawg -profile - Ib Qhov Chaw Yuav Tsum Tau yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.

Computer Tower/Case: Feem ntau rooj plaub hauv computer feem ntau pheej yig yog tias tus neeg siv xaiv rau rooj plaub RGB lossis rooj plaub-pom lawv feem ntau raug nqi nyob qhov twg los ntawm $ 50 txog $ 150. Ib rooj plaub zoo saib ntawm tus nqi qis yog DIYPC Gamemax-BK-RGB Dub Dual USB 3.0 ATX Full Tower Gaming Computer Case nrog Tsim-hauv 3 x RGB LED Kiv cua thiab RGB Chaw Taws Teeb Tsawg ntawm qhov qis kawg rau $ 1030 ntawm qhov siab kawg. Cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam khoom siv kuj tseem yuav raug nqi ib ncig $ 20- $ 60 nyob ntawm seb cov cuab yeej twg koj twb muaj.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem suav txij li $ 530 ntawm qhov qis kawg rau $ 1030 ntawm qhov siab kawg. Cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam khoom siv kuj tseem yuav raug nqi ib ncig $ 20- $ 60 nyob ntawm seb cov cuab yeej twg koj twb muaj.

Kauj Ruam 3: Nkag Siab Cov Cheeb Tsam

Cia li tuav ib pliag! Koj tsis tuaj yeem pib tsim tsis tau, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog txhua lub hom phiaj ua ntej tsim. Los ntawm kev nkag siab tias txhua qhov khoom siv ua dab tsi, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj lub tsev kev txawj ntse thiab paub computer. Tam sim no koj yuav paub cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li Daim Npav Video thiab CPU li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas feem ntau tsis pom.

Hauv qab no yog cov khoom siv hauv computer uas koj yuav tsum paub lub hom phiaj ntawm:

CPU Txias: Cov cuab yeej uas tshem tawm cov cua sov tawm ntawm CPU nti nrog rau lwm cov chips kub xws li GPU uas sawv cev rau cov duab ua haujlwm. Heatsink: Lub tshuab txias uas nqus tau thiab tshuab cua sov thiab ua los ntawm txhuas.

Kiv cua & Heatsinks: Qhov no yog ua ke ntawm cov kiv cua thiab cov rhaub dej kub tau siv dav. Cov kiv cua tau muab tso rau saum cov cua sov kom tiv thaiv kom kub-khiav CPU nti. (Siv los xyuas kom cov chips no tsis kub ntau)

Kaw Dej Loop: Qhov no yog siv los tiv thaiv lub suab nrov nrov los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, nws yog siv ncaj qha txias cov chips ua rau cov ntaub ntawv kiv cua khiav qeeb heev. Tom qab qhov no, dej tau tso tawm los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab nraud mus rau CPU, rau daim npav daim npav GPU, mus rau qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov taw qhia nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm rooj plaub tiag tiag thiab rov qab mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob (nws yog lub voj voog).

ROM (Nyeem Tsuas Nco): Nyeem Tsuas Nco yog daim ntawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv PCs thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob/ntawv thov uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho. RAM tau raug xa mus rau lub cim xeeb tsis ruaj khov thiab lub cim xeeb tau raug tshem tawm ib zaug thaum lub zog tau khiav tawm.

RAM (Random Access Memory): Random Access Memory yog lwm hom kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv PCs. Daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim txhua lub sijhawm koj nyiam, hauv ib qho kev txiav txim thiab ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, nyuaj tsav yog qhov chaw ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab lub sijhawm coj los kho nws. RAM feem ntau ntsuas hauv megabytes (MB) thiab qhov nrawm yog nanoseconds.

Motherboard: Lub motherboard yog "lub hlwb" ntawm lub computer thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv lub computer. Lub niam ntawv muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws los pab kho lub computer kom ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Hard Drive: Lub hard drive ntawm lub khoos phis tawj khaws tag nrho cov software teeb tsa, duab, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ntau ntxiv. Lub hard drive tseem ceeb heev rau lub khoos phis tawj thiab rau koj tus kheej! Yog tias lub hard drive raug puas lossis tawg, txhua yam uas koj tau khaws cia rau hauv lub hard drive tiag tiag xws li duab, software, programs thiab lwm yam yuav ploj mus. Tej zaum koj yuav tau nug "Tab sis qhov no suab zoo ib yam li RAM"? Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj tseeb, tab sis, qhov sib txawv ntawm Hard drive thiab RAM yog tias Hard drive nco yog qhov ruaj khov, qhov nco ntawm RAM yog ib ntus. Yog li, yog tias koj tau qhib koj lub khoos phis tawj nrog lub hard drive tiag, txhua yam ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg tseem yuav raug khaws cia.

Chaw Nres Nkoj & Cov Txuas: Cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov khoom sib txuas no tau siv rau kev nkag mus rau lwm cov khoom siv xws li lub tshuab luam ntawv, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem luam cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no tuaj yeem pom feem ntau nyob tom qab ntawm lub computer, qee zaum nyob sab.

Northbridge: Northbridge tsis tu ncua tswj kev sib txuas lus ntawm RAM, CPU, BIOS, RAM, thiab sab qab teb. Qee lub tebchaws sab qaum teb tseem muaj cov tswj cov vis dis aus tseem tuaj yeem xa mus rau Graphics thiab Memory Controller Hub thiab Intel cov haujlwm. Txij li ntau tus txheej txheem thiab RAM xav tau cov cim sib txawv, Northbridge tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog tsuas yog ib lossis ob chav kawm ntawm CPU thiab nrog rau ib qho RAM.

Southbridge: Southbridge ib txwm tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm sab qaum teb los ntawm kev tsis cuam tshuam nrog CPU. Sab qaum teb txuas nrog sab qab teb thiab mus rau CPU. Siv tus tswj hwm suav nrog cov cuab yeej kho vajtse, sab qaum teb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cim los ntawm I/O units mus rau CPU rau kev tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv & nkag mus.

PCI Express: Ib daim qauv ntawm kev txuas rau cov khoom siv sab hauv hauv computer. Lawv xa mus rau qhov nthuav dav nthuav dav ntawm lub niam ntawv uas lees txais PCIe raws li daim npav nthuav dav thiab rau cov hom ntawv nthuav dav lawv tus kheej.

EEPROM Roj Teeb: Lub roj teeb EEPROM yog hom roj teeb uas tuaj yeem siv los txhawb nqa ntau yam khoom siv hauv lub computer. Lub roj teeb EEPROM nyob ntawm lub niam ntawv thiab muab khoom rau ROM thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua Kom Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb

Tuav koj cov nees! Peb yuav luag nyob rau theem tsev tab sis, tseem muaj ib qib ntxiv ua ntej peb tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem kev tsim tsev. Peb yuav tsum xub ua kom ntseeg tau tias peb tuaj yeem tsim kho lub computer kom nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj teeb meem.

Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej sib dhos koj lub khoos phis tawj yog qhov koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav chaw ua haujlwm (Qhov chaw zoo nyob. Cov chaw zoo li rooj tog ntoo lossis yas npog cov ntaub pua rooj yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov, koj yuav tsum tuav lub khoos phis tawj ib txwm nyob hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm huv thiab tsis yog xim hlau (Yog li koj tuaj yeem zam qhov raug hluav taws xob). Ua ntej koj pib ua haujlwm hauv lub khoos phis tawj, xyuas kom tag nrho koj cov khoom nyob hauv thaj chaw huv thiab tsis muaj hmoov av lossis xeb, tseem ua rau paub tseeb tias tsis muaj ib feem ntawm koj puas tau puas lawm.

Thaum tshem cov kab hluav taws xob, xov hlau, lossis kab xev, nco ntsoov tuav lub xaim ntawm lub taub hau kom nws tsis txhob tawg. Ua haujlwm nrog cov xov hlau ua haujlwm tsis txhob ntxhib kom lawv nyob zoo (tib yam mus nrog txhua lwm yam khoom siv vim tias peb tsis xav tau ib yam dab tsi kom puas). Ua ntej pib, nias lub hwj huam khawm nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntau zaus kom tso hluav taws xob tawm. Ib txwm hnav lub dab teg tiv thaiv zoo li qub thaum tsim koj lub khoos phis tawj. (koj tuaj yeem pom cov kauj ruam hauv qab no rau lub dab teg tiv thaiv zoo li qub). Khaws cov khoom siv rhiab hauv lub hnab ntim tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lawv tuaj nrog, thiab tsuas yog tshem lawv tawm ntawm lub hnab thaum koj npaj rau nruab qhov tivthaiv ntawd (zam kev puas lossis poob koj cov khoom).

Kauj Ruam 5: Txhim Kho Cov Niam Txiv

Tam sim no koj thaum kawg npaj pib tsim! Ua ntej, qhib koj lub khoos phis tawj computer/pej thuam kom pom sab hauv ntawm koj rooj plaub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhib lub vaj huam sib luag sab ntawm rooj plaub los ntawm kev tshem cov ntsia hlau. Qee lub khoos phis tawj tsis tas yuav tsum tsis muaj lub hau ntswj qhib lub vaj huam sib luag sab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua raws tus txheej txheem ntawm kev qhib lub vaj huam sib luag sab los ntawm kev ua raws cov lus qhia los ntawm cov tsim khoom. Yog tias muaj cov khoom ntim hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv computer, thov tshem nws ua ntej txhim kho cov khoom siv kho vajtse.

Tam sim no koj tau qhib koj rooj plaub, teeb lub I/O bezel phaj rau tom qab ntawm rooj plaub siv cov ntsia hlau. I/O bezel phaj yuav tsum tuaj nrog koj lub motherboard thaum yuav khoom. Tam sim no, muab koj lub niam ntawv tso rau hauv rooj plaub thiab kho nws nrog I/O bezel phaj. Daim duab saum toj no muab cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws txog qhov ntsia hlau nyob qhov twg. X nyob hauv cov duab saum toj no sawv cev rau cov ntsia hlau rau lub rhaub dej kub, nco ntsoov tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov heatsink screws nrog cov niam txiv ntsia hlau.

Kauj Ruam 6: Txhim Kho Hard Drive, Lub Hwj Huam thiab Cov Ntxuam Case

Tam sim no koj tau teeb tsa lub niam ntawv, nws yog lub sijhawm los teeb tsa lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog lub niam ntawv. Ua ntej, koj yuav nruab Hard Drive (qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam yooj yim tshaj plaws). Txhawm rau teeb tsa Hard Drive, xaub 3.5 HDD rau hauv lub chaw tsav tsheb. Thaum koj tau tso lub HDD rau hauv lub chaw tsav tsheb, teeb tsa cov ntsia hlau kom paub tseeb tias HDD tsis txav mus.

Txhim kho lub zog siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li txhim kho Hard Drive. Teem lub qhov txuas rau lub zog siv nrog lub zog siv nws tus kheej. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, ntxig cov ntsia hlau rau hauv lub qhov mounting thiab ua kom nruj. Thiab raws li koj tej zaum tau kwv yees nws, txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv kiv cua zoo ib yam li txhim kho Hard Drive thiab Lub Hwj Huam Muab Khoom. Nrhiav lub mount rau rooj plaub kiv cua, kho lub rooj kiv cua nrog lub mount thiab ntsia hlau hauv cov ntsia hlau.

Kauj Ruam 7: Txhim Kho CPU, RAM thiab Heatsink

Peb yuav luag tiav kev teeb tsa lub khoos phis tawj! Tam sim no peb yuav tsum tso cov khoom siv kho vajtse tso rau hauv lub niam ntawv yog li txhua ntu tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke. Txhawm rau teeb tsa RAM, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo nkag mus rau qhov xaiv RAM qhov, tom qab qhov no, xyuas kom koj xauv ob sab kom txuas nws mus rau lub niam ntawv. CPU tom qab ntawd tau muab ua tib zoo tom qab, tseem nco ntsoov tshuab ntawm CPU ua ntej tso nws vim tias hmoov av tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv nws. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj txhuam cua sov rau ntawm CPU kom ua tau zoo dua. Muab lub CPU tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsim thiab kaw nws siv lub latch. Txog koj txoj haujlwm kawg rau theem no, koj yuav tsum tau muab lub rhaub dej tso rau sab saum toj ntawm CPU thiab ntsia rov qab rau hauv 4 qhov sib xws

Kauj Ruam 8: Txuas Cov Khoom Siv

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau tib neeg feem ntau yog thaiv kab. Qhov ua yuam kev feem ntau yog ua thaum tso cov xov hlau rov qab vim tias txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj zoo sib xws. Koj yuav pom cov kab xaim tuab hu ua SATA uas mus rau hauv SATA cov chaw nres nkoj (xiav). Txuas lub xov tooj hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob rau xaim xaim uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm SATA cov chaw nres nkoj (ntsuab). Saum toj no SATA cov chaw nres nkoj, muaj plaub fab zoo li plaub qhov chaw nres nkoj. Cov kab hlau kho qhov muag tau muab tso rau hauv qhov ntawd (daj). Ib sab ntawm RAM qhov qhib, koj yuav pom ob lub chaw nres nkoj zoo nkauj. Muab ob txoj hlua dub loj tso rau hauv qhov chaw daj thiab xiav (ntshav). Muaj ib daim nyias nyias ntawm cov xov hlau uas tiaj tus. Txuas cov ntawd rau hauv cov pins dawb ncaj qha mus rau sab xis ntawm lub xov tooj rau-rau-lub qhov (dub). Qhov kawg ntawm cov kab xaim me me mus rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob plaub-xaim nyob ntawm sab deb qhov twg RAM qhov qhib thiab CPU nyob (liab).

Kauj Ruam 9: Sau nws

Thaum tag nrho cov xov hlau tau muab tso rau, xyuas kom paub tseeb tias lub niam ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov zoo thiab txhua tus ntsia hlau tau nruj. Rub tag nrho cov khoom thiab xyuas kom lawv nruj. Xyuas kom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib qho twg thiab koj lub khoos phis tawj yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke. Tam sim no txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog ntswj rov qab rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag sab thiab tom qab ntawd koj zoo mus! Txuas koj lub keyboard, nas, thiab saib xyuas los ntsuas seb puas muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Yog tias yog, sab laj tus neeg siv phau ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev daws teeb meem cov ntaub ntawv yog tias muaj teeb meem txuas ntxiv.