LightSound: 6 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Kuv tau tinkering nrog hluav taws xob txij li thaum kuv muaj 10 xyoo. Kuv txiv, tus kws tshaj lij xov tooj cua tau qhia kuv cov hauv paus thiab yuav siv cov hlau txuas li cas. Kuv tshuav nws ntau heev. Ib qho ntawm kuv thawj lub xov tooj cua yog lub suab nrov nrov nrog lub microphone thiab ib pliag kuv nyiam hnov kuv lub suab los ntawm lub suab nrov txuas lossis suab sab nraud thaum kuv dai lub microphone tawm ntawm kuv lub qhov rais. Muaj ib hnub kuv txiv tuaj ncig nrog lub kauj nws tshem tawm ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv qub thiab nws hais tias, "Txuas qhov no tsis yog koj lub microphone". Kuv tau ua nws thiab qhov no yog ib lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kuv lub neej. Mam li nco dheev kuv hnov cov suab qoj ib ce txawv txawv, suab nrov nrov, suab nrov nrov nrov nrov thiab qee lub suab uas zoo ib yam li tib neeg lub suab tsis zoo. Nws zoo li dhia dej hauv ntiaj teb zais uas tau dag ua ntej kuv pob ntseg heev uas kuv tsis tuaj yeem lees paub txog tam sim no. Technically tsis muaj dab tsi zoo txog nws. Cov xov hluav taws xob tau txais lub suab nrov los ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, tub yees, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntsuas hluav taws xob, TV-Teeb, xov tooj cua, teeb pom kev hauv ib lub as thiv Tab sis qhov kev paub tseem ceeb heev rau kuv. Muaj qee yam nyob ib puag ncig kuv kuv tsis tuaj yeem hnov tab sis nrog qee qhov hluav taws xob mumbo-jumbo kuv tau nyob hauv!

Qee xyoo tom qab kuv xav txog nws dua thiab ib lub tswv yim tuaj rau kuv lub siab. Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias kuv xav txuas fototransistor rau lub tshuab ua kom nrov? Kuv puas tseem yuav hnov qhov kev co uas kuv lub qhov muag tub nkeeg dhau los paub? Kuv tau ua nws dua thiab qhov kev paub tau txaus! Tib neeg lub qhov muag yog lub cev ntse heev. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws bandwidth ntawm tag nrho peb lub cev tab sis qhov no los nrog qee tus nqi. Lub peev xwm los pom qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov txwv. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv pom pom hloov pauv ntau dua 11 zaug ib pliag yam thib ob tab tom pib plooj. Qhov no yog vim li cas peb thiaj tuaj yeem saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv xinesmas lossis hauv peb lub TV. Peb lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem ua raws qhov kev hloov pauv ntxiv lawm thiab tag nrho cov duab ib leeg tseem yaj ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev txav mus los. Tab sis yog tias peb hloov lub teeb rau hauv lub suab peb lub pob ntseg yuav pom cov kev sib txig sib luag mus txog ob peb txhiab oscillations ib pliag!

Kuv tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me los tig kuv lub smartphone rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo, muab rau kuv tseem muaj peev xwm kaw cov suab ntawd. Vim tias hluav taws xob yooj yim heev kuv xav qhia koj cov hauv paus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm qhov piv txwv no. Yog li peb tab tom dhia dej tob tob rau hauv transistors, resistors thiab capacitors. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, kuv yuav ua lej yooj yim!

Kauj Ruam 1: Hluav Taws Xob Tshooj 1: Transistor yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no ntawm no yog koj cov lus qhia sai thiab tsis-qias neeg rau hauv bipolar transistors. Muaj ob hom sib txawv ntawm lawv. Ib tug yog npe NPN thiab qhov no yog qhov koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab. Lwm hom yog PNP thiab peb yuav tsis tham txog nws ntawm no. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab tsis yog kev txaus siab ntxiv.

NPN-transistor yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nthuav dav tam sim no. Yeej koj muaj peb lub dav hlau. Ib qho yog ib txwm nyob hauv av. Hauv peb daim duab nws hu ua "Emitter". Tom qab ntawd koj muaj "lub hauv paus", uas yog sab laug thiab "Tus Sau" uas yog sab saud. Ib qho tam sim no nkag mus rau hauv paus IB yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tam sim no dhau los ntawm tus sau IC thiab mus dhau lub tshuab xa rov qab mus rau hauv av. Tam sim no yuav tsum tau tsav los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob sab nraud UB. Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no IC thiab lub hauv paus tam sim no IB yog IC/IB = B. B hu ua DC-nce tam sim no. Nws nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab yuav ua li cas koj teeb tsa koj lub transistor hauv koj qhov Circuit. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog qhov ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum loj heev, yog li nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau los suav nrog kho qhov tseem ceeb. Nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tias qhov nce tam sim no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau. Sib nrug los ntawm B muaj lwm tus nqi hu ua "beta". Wile B qhia txog kev nthuav dav ntawm DC-teeb liab, beta ua ib yam rau AC-teeb liab. Feem ntau B thiab beta tsis txawv ntau.

Ua ke nrog cov tswv yim tam sim no transistor kuj tseem muaj qhov hluav taws xob nkag. Cov kev txwv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog nqaim heev. Hauv cov ntawv thov ib txwm nws yuav txav mus rau thaj tsam ntawm 0.62V..0.7V. Kev yuam qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub hauv paus yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus neeg khaws khoom tam sim no vim tias qhov kev vam khom no tau ua raws qhov nkhaus nthuav dav.

Kauj Ruam 2: Hluav Taws Xob Ntu 2: Kev Tsim Kho Thawj Zaug ntawm Amplifier

Tam sim no peb nyob ntawm peb txoj kev. Txhawm rau hloov lub teeb hloov mus rau hauv lub suab peb xav tau fototransistor. Tus fototransistor zoo ib yam li tus qauv NPN-transistor ntawm cov kauj ruam dhau los. Tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj peev xwm tsis yog tsuas yog hloov pauv Collector tam sim no los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub hauv paus tam sim no. Ib qho ntxiv, tus neeg khaws khoom tam sim no nyob ntawm lub teeb. Ntau lub teeb-ntau tam sim no, tsawg lub teeb-tsawg tam sim no. Nws yog qhov yooj yim.

Qhia meej txog lub hwj chim

Thaum kuv tab tom tsim kho vajtse thawj qhov kuv ua yog ua kom kuv lub siab txog lub zog siv vim tias qhov no cuam tshuam txhua yam hauv koj lub xov tooj. Siv lub roj teeb 1, 5V yuav yog lub tswv yim tsis zoo vim tias, raws li koj tau kawm hauv qib 1 UBE ntawm lub transistor nyob ib puag ncig 0, 65V thiab yog li twb tau nyob ib nrab ntawm txoj kev mus txog 1, 5V. Peb yuav tsum muab nyiaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Kuv nyiam 9V roj teeb. Lawv pheej yig thiab yooj yim los lis thiab tsis siv ntau qhov chaw. Yog li cia peb mus nrog 9V. UB = 9 V

Qhia meej txog Collector tam sim no

Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thiab cuam tshuam txhua yam. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob me me vim tias tom qab ntawd lub transistor tsis ruaj khov thiab lub teeb liab nrov nrov tau nce. Nws kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau vim tias transistor ib txwm muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws siv lub zog uas tau hloov pauv mus rau cua sov. Ntau dhau tam sim no ntws cov roj teeb thiab tuaj yeem tua cov transistor vim cua sov. Hauv kuv daim ntawv thov kuv ib txwm khaws cov neeg khaws khoom tam sim no ntawm 1… 5mA. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej cia mus nrog 2mA. IB = 2mA

Ntxuav koj lub hwj chim

Yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov theem ua suab nrov nws ib txwm yog lub tswv yim zoo los khaws koj li DC-fais fab mov huv. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog lub suab nrov thiab suab nrov txawm tias koj siv lub roj teeb. Qhov no yog vim tias koj feem ntau muaj cov kab hluav taws xob tsim nyog txuas nrog cov khoom siv thauj khoom uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li lub kav hlau txais xov rau txhua lub zog muaj zog. Feem ntau kuv tab tom xa cov khoom siv tam sim no los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me thiab muab cov roj ua kom muaj roj polarized capacitor thaum kawg. Nws luv-txiav tag nrho ac-teeb liab tawm tsam hauv av. Hauv daim duab lub resistor yog R1 thiab lub capacitor yog C1. Peb yuav tsum khaws cov resistor me me vim qhov poob qhov hluav taws xob nws tsim txwv peb cov zis. Tam sim no kuv tuaj yeem pov kuv qhov kev paub thiab hais tias 1V qhov hluav taws xob poob yog qhov ua tau yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm nrog 9V fais fab mov. UF = 1V

Tam sim no peb yuav tsum cia siab rau peb cov kev xav me ntsis. Koj yuav pom tom qab peb yuav ntxiv theem transistor thib ob uas tseem xav tau kom nws muab cov khoom huv tam sim no. Yog li tus nqi tam sim no ntws los ntawm R1 yog ob npaug. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hla R1 yog R1 = UF/(2xIC) = 1V/4mA = 250 Ohms. Koj yuav tsis tau txais qhov resistor raws qhov koj xav tau vim tias lawv tau tsim tawm hauv qee qhov nqi sib nrug. Qhov ze tshaj rau peb tus nqi yog 270 Ohms thiab peb yuav zoo nrog qhov ntawd. R1 = 270 hli

Tom qab ntawd peb xaiv C1 = 220uF. Qhov ntawd muab kaum zaus ntawm 1/(2*PI*R1*C1) = 2, 7Hz. Tsis txhob xav ntau txog qhov no. Lub kaum zaus yog qhov uas lub lim dej pib txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ac-teeb liab. Mus txog 2, 7Hz txhua yam yuav dhau los ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Tshaj 2, 7Hz cov cim tau txais ntau dua thiab ntau dua. Kev txo qis ntawm thawj-xaj qis lim tau piav los ntawm A = 1/(2*PI*f*R1*C1). Peb tus yeeb ncuab nyob ze tshaj plaws ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog 50Hz fais fab kab hum. Yog li cia peb thov f = 50 thiab peb tau A = 0, 053. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tsuas yog 5, 3% ntawm lub suab nrov yuav dhau los ntawm lub lim. Yuav tsum txaus rau peb cov kev xav tau.

Qhia meej txog tus neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis ncaj ncees

Kev tsis ncaj ncees yog lub ntsiab lus uas koj tso koj lub transistor thaum nws nyob hauv hom tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no qhia txog nws cov dej ntws thiab qhov hluav taws xob thaum tsis muaj lub teeb liab nkag mus rau ua kom nrov nrov. Kev ua kom huv ntawm qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias piv txwv qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg sau khoom piav qhia lub ntsiab lus uas lub teeb liab yuav viav vias ib puag ncig thaum lub transistor ua haujlwm. Kev tso tawm cov ntsiab lus no yuam kev yuav ua rau lub teeb liab cuam tshuam thaum lub viav vias tawm mus rau hauv av lossis lub zog siv. Cov no yog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj transistor tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau! Feem ntau nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los tso qhov tso tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm av thiab UB ntawm UB/2, hauv peb qhov xwm txheej (UB-UF)/2 = 4V. Tab sis vim qee qhov koj yuav nkag siab tom qab kuv xav tso nws qis me ntsis. Ua ntej peb tsis xav tau lub viav vias loj loj vim tias txawm tias tom qab ua kom nrov nyob rau theem 1 no peb lub teeb liab yuav nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm millivolts. Qhov thib ob, qhov qis dua qis yuav ua tau zoo dua rau theem transistor hauv qab no raws li koj yuav pom. Yog li cia peb muab qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau 3V. UA = 3V

Xam cov khoom tiv thaiv

Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem suav qhov seem ntawm cov khoom siv. Koj yuav pom yog tias tus neeg sau khoom ntws los ntawm R2 peb yuav tau txais qhov hluav taws xob poob los ntawm UB. Vim UA = UB-UF-IC*R1 peb tuaj yeem rho R1 thiab tau R1 = (UB-UF-UA)/IC = (9V-1V-3V)/2mA = 2, 5K. Ib zaug ntxiv peb xaiv tus nqi tom ntej thiab peb siv R1 = 2, 7K Ohm.

Xam lub hauv paus resistor

Txog xam R3 peb tuaj yeem muab qhov sib npaug yooj yim. Qhov hluav taws xob hla R3 yog UA-UBE. Tam sim no peb yuav tsum paub lub hauv paus tam sim no. Kuv hais rau koj DC-tam sim no nce B = IC/IB, yog li IB = IC/B, tab sis tus nqi B yog dab tsi? Tu siab kuv tau siv fototransistor los ntawm cov pob khoom seem thiab tsis muaj qhov cim kom raug ntawm cov khoom. Yog li peb yuav tsum siv peb txoj kev npau suav. Fototransistors tsis muaj kev nthuav dav ntau. Lawv tau tsim los kom nrawm dua. Thaum DC-tam sim no nce rau ib qho transistor ib txwm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 800 B-yam ntawm fototransistor yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 200..400. Yog li cia peb mus nrog B = 300. R3 = (UA-UBE)/IB = B*(UA-UBE)/IC = 352K Ohm. Qhov ntawd ze rau 360K Ohm. Tu siab kuv tsis muaj tus nqi no hauv kuv lub thawv yog li kuv siv 240K+100K hauv koob hloov. R3 = 340K Ohm.

Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kheej vim li cas peb tso cov hauv paus tam sim no los ntawm tus neeg sau khoom thiab tsis yog los ntawm UB. Cia kuv qhia koj qhov no. Kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm transistor yog qhov tsis yooj yim vim tias transistor yog qhov ua tau rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog rau qhov muaj kev cia siab hnyav los ntawm qhov kub. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yog koj cuam tshuam koj lub transistor ncaj qha los ntawm UB nws yuav zoo li yuav ploj mus sai sai. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawd cov kho vajtse tsim qauv siv txoj hauv kev hu ua "tawm tswv yim tsis zoo". Ua tibzoo saib peb lub voj voog dua. Lub hauv paus pib los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tam sim no xav txog qhov transistor ua kom sov dua thiab nws B-tus nqi nce ntxiv. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias ntau tus neeg sau khoom tam sim no ntws thiab UA txo qis. Tab sis tsawg UA kuj txhais tau tias IB tsawg dua thiab qhov hluav taws xob UA tau nce ntxiv me ntsis. Nrog B txo qis koj muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam nkaus. Nov yog REGULATION! Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias los ntawm txoj hlua ntse peb tuaj yeem ua rau transistor tsis ncaj ncees hauv qhov txwv. Koj yuav pom lwm qhov kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo nyob rau theem tom ntej ib yam nkaus. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lus tsis zoo ib txwm tseem ua rau txo qis ntawm theem, tab sis muaj txoj hauv kev kom dhau qhov teeb meem no.

Kauj Ruam 3: Hauv Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob Tshooj 3: Kev Tsim Qauv Zaum Ob

Kuv tau ua qee qhov kev sim los ntawm kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm theem ua ntej hauv qib ua ntej hauv kuv lub xov tooj. Nws tau txhawb nqa tab sis kuv xav tias kev nthuav dav me ntsis yuav ua tau zoo dua. Kuv kwv yees ntxiv kev txhawb ntxiv ntawm qhov 5 yuav tsum ua txoj haujlwm. Yog li ntawm no peb mus nrog theem thib ob! Feem ntau peb yuav rov teeb tsa transistor nyob rau theem thib ob nrog nws tus kheej kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab pub lub teeb liab ua ntej los ntawm thawj theem ntawm tus capacitor rau hauv nws. Nco ntsoov cov capacitors tsis pub dc hla. Tsuas yog lub teeb liab ac yuav dhau mus. Txoj hauv kev no koj tuaj yeem hla lub teeb liab los ntawm cov theem thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm txhua theem yuav tsis cuam tshuam. Tab sis cia peb ua tej yam me ntsis ntxim nyiam dua thiab sim khaws qee yam khoom vim peb xav kom cov cuab yeej me me thiab siv tau. Peb yuav siv qhov kev tso tawm tsis ncaj ncees ntawm theem 1 rau kev tsis ncaj ncees transistor hauv theem 2!

Xam tus emitter resistor R5

Hauv theem no peb NPN-transistor tau ncaj qha ncaj qha los ntawm qib dhau los. Hauv daim duab qhia chaw peb pom tias UE = UBE + ICxR5. Vim tias UE = UA los ntawm theem dhau los peb tuaj yeem rho tawm R5 = (UE-UBE)/IC = (3V-0.65V)/2mA = 1, 17K Ohm. Peb ua nws 1, 2K Ohm uas yog tus nqi ze tshaj plaws. R5 = 1,2K Ohm.

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom lwm hom kev tawm tswv yim. Cia peb hais thaum UE tseem tsis tu ncua tus nqi B ntawm transistor nce vim qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li peb tau txais tam sim no ntau dua los ntawm tus sau thiab emitter. Tab sis tam sim no ntau dua los ntawm R5 txhais tau tias muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua R5. Vim tias UBE = UE - IC*R5 nce IC txhais tau tias txo qis ntawm UBE thiab yog li txo qis dua ntawm IC. Ntawm no dua peb muaj kev tswj hwm pab peb ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ruaj khov.

Xam tus khaws khoom tiv thaiv R4

Tam sim no peb yuav tsum khaws qhov muag ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom teeb liab UA. Qhov txwv qis tshaj yog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm 3V-0, 65V = 2, 35V. Qhov txwv qis tshaj yog qhov hluav taws xob UB-UB = 9V-1V = 8V. Peb yuav tso peb tus neeg khaws khoom ncaj ncees nyob nruab nrab. UA = 2, 35V + (8V-2, 35V)/2 = 5, 2V. UA = 5,2V. Tam sim no nws yooj yim los laij R4. R4 = (UB-UF-UA)/IC = (9V-1V-5, 2V)/2mA = 1, 4K Ohm. Peb ua nws R4 = 1, 5K Ohm.

Yuav ua li cas txog kev ua kom nrov nrov?

Yog li dab tsi txog qhov tseem ceeb 5 ntawm kev nthuav dav peb xav kom tau txais? Qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm ac-teeb liab hauv theem raws li koj tuaj yeem pom nws tau piav qhia hauv cov mis yooj yim heev. Vu = R4/R5. Yooj yim zoo nkauj huh? Qhov no yog kev nthuav dav ntawm transistor nrog cov lus tsis zoo tshaj li qhov emitter resistor. Nco ntsoov kuv hais rau koj cov lus tsis zoo kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav dav yog tias koj tsis siv txoj hauv kev raug cai tawm tsam nws.

Yog tias peb suav qhov kev nthuav dav nrog xaiv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm R4 thiab R5 peb tau txais V = R4/R5 = 1.5K/1.2K = 1.2. Hm, qhov ntawd zoo nkauj nyob deb ntawm 5. Yog li peb tuaj yeem ua dab tsi? Zoo, ua ntej peb pom tias peb tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi txog R4. Nws raug kho los ntawm kev tso tawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees thiab qhov txwv qhov hluav taws xob. Yuav ua li cas txog R5? Cia peb suav tus nqi R5 yuav tsum muaj yog tias peb yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm 5. Qhov ntawd yooj yim, vim Vu = R4/R5 qhov no txhais tau tias R5 = R4/Vu = 1.5K Ohm/5 = 300 Ohm. Ok, qhov ntawd zoo tab sis yog tias peb yuav tso 300 Ohm hloov ntawm 1.2K hauv peb qhov kev sib tw peb qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees yuav raug ntsais. Yog li peb yuav tsum tso ob qho tib si, 1.2K Ohm rau dc kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab 300 Ohms rau cov lus tsis zoo ac. Ua tibzoo saib daim duab thib ob. Koj yuav pom tias kuv faib 1, 2K Ohm resistor hauv 220 Ohm thiab 1K Ohm hauv koob. Dhau li, kuv xaiv 220 Ohms vim tias kuv tsis muaj 300 Ohm resistor. Lub 1K kuj tseem hla dhau los ntawm cov rog rog polarized. Qhov no txhais li cas? Zoo rau dc kev tsis txaus siab uas txhais tau tias cov lus pom tsis zoo "pom" a 1, 2K Ohm vim tias dc yuav tsis dhau los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, yog li rau dc tsis ncaj ncees C3 tsuas yog tsis muaj! Lub suab-ntawm qhov tod tes tsuas yog "pom" 220 Ohm vim tias txhua qhov hluav taws xob poob qis hla R6 tau luv luv ncig hauv av. Tsis muaj qhov poob qis, tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim. Tsuas yog 220 Ohm tseem nyob rau cov lus pom tsis zoo. Ntse heev, huh?

Txhawm rau kom ua haujlwm tau zoo no koj yuav tsum xaiv C3 yog li nws qhov impedance qis dua R3. Tus nqi zoo yog 10% ntawm R3 rau qhov ua haujlwm tau qis tshaj plaws. Cia peb hais peb qhov qis tshaj yog 30 Hz. Qhov tsis kam ntawm lub capacitor yog Xc = 1/(2*PI*f*C3). Yog tias peb rho C3 thiab muab tso rau zaus thiab tus nqi ntawm R3 peb tau txais C3 = 1/(2*PI*f*R3/10) = 53uF. Kom phim tus nqi uas ze tshaj plaws ua rau nws C3 = 47uF.

Tam sim no pom cov phiaj xwm ua tiav hauv daim duab kawg. Peb ua tiav!

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua Tus Kws Kho Mob Ntu 1: Cov Npe Cov Khoom

Kuv siv cov khoom hauv qab no los ua lub cuab yeej:

• Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov phiaj xwm
• Cov txheej txheem yas txheem 80 x 60 x 22 mm nrog rau hauv qab ntim rau 9V roj teeb
• 9V roj teeb clip
• 1m 4pol suab cable nrog jack 3.5mm
• 3pol ib. lub tso suab tso suab 3.5mm
• hloov
• ib daim ntawm perfboard
• ib 9v pin
• laug
• 2mm tooj liab hlau 0, 25mm cais cov hlua hlau

Cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yuav tsum siv:

• Soldering hlau
• Fais laum
• Digital Multimeter
• ib puag ncig rasp

Kauj Ruam 5: Ua Tus Kheej: Ntu 2

Muab qhov hloov pauv thiab lub qhov (socket) 3, 5mm

Siv cov kab txaij los ua ob qhov ib nrab qhov nyob hauv ob qho ntawm qhov casing (sab saud thiab qis dua). Ua kom lub qhov dav txaus rau qhov hloov pauv kom haum. Tam sim no ua tib yam nrog 3.5mm lub qhov (socket). Lub qhov (socket) yuav raug siv los txuas pob ntseg. Lub suab tawm los ntawm 4pol. jack yuav raug xa mus rau 3.5mm lub qhov (socket).

Ua qhov rau cable thiab fototransistor

Laum ib lub qhov 3 hli ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab super-kua nplaum lub fototransistor rau hauv nws kom nws lub dav hlau mus los ntawm lub qhov. Laum lwm qhov ntawm 2mm txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib sab. Lub suab cable nrog 4mm nkaus yuav khiav los ntawm nws.

Solder cov hluav taws xob

Tam sim no muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso rau ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab xaim nws mus rau lub xov tooj cua thiab lub hli 3.5 hli raws li qhia hauv kab lus. Saib cov duab qhia pom lub cim pinouts ntawm lub jacks rau kev taw qhia. Siv koj li DMM kom pom lub teeb liab twg los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm cov xov hlau twg los txheeb xyuas nws.

Thaum txhua yam ua tiav tig rau lub cuab yeej thiab kos yog tias qhov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub transistors ntau dua lossis tsawg dua hauv qhov suav. Yog tias tsis sim kho R3 hauv thawj theem ntawm lub suab nrov. Nws yuav zoo li yog qhov teeb meem vim tias muaj kev lees paub dav dav ntawm cov transistors koj yuav tau hloov kho nws tus nqi.

Kauj Ruam 6: Xeem

Kuv tau tsim cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dua ntawm hom no qee xyoo dhau los (saib video). Txij lub sijhawm no kuv tau sau ib pawg ntawm cov suab piv txwv kuv xav qhia koj. Feem ntau ntawm lawv kuv tau sau thaum kuv tau tsav tsheb hauv kuv lub tsheb thiab tso tus fototransistor tom qab kuv lub tsom iav.

• "Bus_Anzeige_2.mp3" Nov yog lub suab ntawm sab nrauv LED-Zaub ntawm lub tsheb npav hla los
• "Fahrzeug mit Blinker.mp3" Lub ntsais muag ntawm lub tsheb
• "LED_Scheinwerfer.mp3" Lub taub hau ntawm lub tsheb
• "Neonreklame.mp3" neon teeb
• "Schwebung.mp3" Kev tsoo ntawm ob lub teeb cuam tshuam rau lub tsheb
• "Sound_Flourescent_Lamp.mp3" Lub suab ntawm CFL
• "Sound_oscilloscope.mp3" Lub suab ntawm kuv lub vijtsam oscilloscope nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv
• "Suab-PC Saib.mp3" Lub suab ntawm kuv lub PC-saib
• "Strassenlampen_Sequenz.mp3" Txoj kev teeb
• "Was_ist_das_1.mp3" Lub suab ntsiag to thiab coj txawv txawv txawv txawv zoo li lub suab kuv tau ntes mus rau qhov chaw uas xav tau tsav tsheb ib puag ncig hauv kuv lub tsheb

Kuv vam tias kuv tuaj yeem ntub koj qhov qab los noj mov thiab koj yuav mus tshawb lub ntiaj teb tshiab ntawm cov teeb pom kev ntawm koj tus kheej tam sim no!