Super Capacitor UPS: 6 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Txog ib qhov haujlwm, kuv tau thov kom npaj lub zog thaub qab uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub microcontroller khiav li 10 vib nas this tom qab lub zog poob. Lub tswv yim yog tias thaum lub sijhawm 10 vib nas this tus tswj hwm muaj sijhawm txaus

• Nres yam nws tab tom ua
• Txuag lub xeev tam sim no rau lub cim xeeb
• Xa tawm cov lus tsis muaj zog (IoT)
• Hloov nws tus kheej mus rau hom kev tos thiab tos kom lub zog poob

Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm pib tsuas yog tom qab rov pib dua. Tseem muaj qee qhov kev npaj xav tau dab tsi tuaj yeem yog tus txheej txheem yog tias lub zog rov qab los hauv 10 vib nas this no. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv txoj haujlwm yog tsom mus rau lub hwj chim.

Kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tshaj plaws tuaj yeem siv UPS sab nraud lossis qee yam zoo li ntawd. Pom tseeb, qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov xwm txheej thiab peb xav tau qee yam pheej yig dua thiab me dua. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntxiv yog siv lub roj teeb lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo. Raws nraim thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, kuv tau pom cov vis dis aus YouTube zoo txog cov ncauj lus zoo sib xws: Txuas.

Tom qab qee qhov kev txiav txim siab, lub tshuab hluav taws xob super capacitor zoo li yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau peb. Nws me me dua lub roj teeb (peb xav siv cov khoom siv dav siv, txawm hais tias kuv tus kheej tsis paub meej tias qhov laj thawj loj yog qhov tseeb), xav tau cov khoom siv tsawg (lub ntsiab lus- nws pheej yig dua) thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws- nws suab zoo dua tshaj li lub roj teeb (qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog tsis yog cov kws tsim khoom).

Kev teeb tsa teeb tsa tau tsim los ntsuas qhov kev xav thiab tswj hwm yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob super them lub tshuab ua haujlwm raws li tsim nyog.

Cov Lus Qhia no qhia ntau ntxiv txog dab tsi tau ua tiav es tsis piav qhia yuav ua li cas.

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

Qhov system architecture tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab. Ua ntej, 230VAC hloov mus rau 24VDC uas rau 5VDC thiab thaum kawg microcontroller Circuit tau khiav ntawm 3.3V. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws, ib tus tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub zog tsis ua tiav ntawm kab sib chaws (230VAC). Hmoov tsis zoo, peb ua tsis tau li ntawd. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum txheeb xyuas yog tias lub zog tseem nyob ntawm 24VDC. Zoo li qhov no, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem siv AC/DC lub zog xa khoom ntim khoom. Lub microcontroller thiab txhua lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm 3.3V. Nws tau txiav txim siab tias hauv peb qhov xwm txheej 5V txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntxiv rau lub super capacitor. Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qeeb qeeb, lub microcontroller tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm 3.3V.

Yuav tsum:

• Tam sim no tsis tu ncua - Iconst = 0.5 A (@ 5.0V)
• Yam tsawg kawg nkaus voltage (min. Tso cai voltage @ 5V rail) - Muag = 3.0V
• Lub sijhawm tsawg kawg uas lub capacitor yuav tsum npog - T = 10 sec

Muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb super capacitor them IC-s muaj uas tuaj yeem them tus capacitor sai heev. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, lub sijhawm them nyiaj tsis tseem ceeb. Yog li, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws diode-resistor Circuit yog txaus. Qhov Circuit Court no yooj yim thiab pheej yig nrog qee qhov tsis zoo. Qhov teeb meem lub sijhawm them nqi twb tau hais lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem loj yog tias lub capacitor tsis raug them rau nws qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho (diode voltage poob). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov qis dua tuaj yeem coj peb qee qhov zoo ib yam nkaus.

Hauv Super capacitor xav tau lub neej nkhaus los ntawm AVX SCM Series cov ntaub ntawv (txuas) daim duab ib tus tuaj yeem pom lub neej kev cia siab piv rau kev ua haujlwm kub thiab siv hluav taws xob. Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj tus nqi hluav taws xob qis dua, lub neej cia siab yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias qhov qis dua qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov ntawd tseem yuav tsum tau piav qhia ntxiv.

Raws li yuav tau qhia hauv kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ua haujlwm yuav nyob ib puag ncig 4.6V-4.7V-80% Vrated.

Kauj Ruam 2: Xeem Circuit

Tom qab qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, AVX super capacitors tau raug xaiv los ntsuas. Cov ntsuas tau ntsuas rau 6V. Qhov ntawd yog qhov ze heev rau tus nqi uas peb npaj yuav siv. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev sim lub hom phiaj nws txaus. Peb qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tau ntsuas: 1F, 2.5F thiab 5F (2x 2.5F sib luag). Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov capacitors yog hauv qab no

• Capacitance raug - 0% +100%
• Nyob voltage - 6V

• Chaw tsim tshuaj paus ib feem -

  • 1F - SCMR18H105PRBB0
  • 2.5F - SCMS22H255PRBB0
• Lub Neej - 2000 Hrs @ 65 ° C.

Txhawm rau kom phim qhov tso zis hluav taws xob nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg rau qhov hluav taws xob diodes tau siv. Hauv qhov kev ntsuas VdiodeF2 = 0.22V diodes tau ua tiav nrog qhov siab tam sim no nrog VdiodeF1 = 0.5V.

Yooj yim LM2596 DC-DC hloov IC tau siv. Qhov ntawd yog IC muaj zog heev thiab tso cai rau hloov pauv tau. Rau kev sim sib txawv thauj khoom tau npaj: feem ntau sib txawv tiv taus.

Ob qho tib si 3.09kΩ resistors sib npaug rau lub super capacitor xav tau rau kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws xob. Hauv kev sim ntsuas lub super capacitors tau txuas nrog los ntawm cov hloov pauv thiab yog tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov capacitors txuas nrog qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siab dhau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub capacitors, 5.1V Zener diode tau muab tso ua ke rau lawv.

Rau qhov thauj khoom, 8.1kΩ resistor thiab LED tau muab qee qhov thauj khoom. Nws tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej thauj khoom qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siab dua qhov xav tau. Cov diodes tuaj yeem ua rau qee tus cwj pwm tsis tau xav txog.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Xam Xaj

Kev xav:

• Tam sim no tsis tu ncua - Iconst = 0.5A
• Vout @ fais fab tuag tsis ua hauj lwm - Vout = 5.0V
• Capacitor them nqi hluav taws xob ua ntej diodes - Vin55 = Vout + VdiodeF1 = 5.0 + 0.5 = 5.5V
• Pib qhov hluav taws xob (Vcap @ lub zog tsis ua haujlwm) - Vcap = Vin55 - VdiodeF1 - VdiodeF2 = 5.5 - 0.5 - 0.22 = 4.7V
• Vout @ fais fab tuag tsis ua hauj lwm - Vstart = Vcap - VdiodeF2 = 4.7 - 0.22 = 4.4V
• Yam tsawg kawg Vcap - Vcap_min = Muag VdiodeF2 = 3.0 + 0.22 = 3.3V
• Lub sijhawm tsawg kawg uas lub capacitor yuav tsum npog - T = 10 sec

Lub sijhawm them tus nqi hluav taws xob (theoretical): Tcharging = 5*R*C.

R = Them + RcapacitorSeries + Rsw + Rdiodes + Kev sib txuas

Rau 1F capacitor nws yog R1F = 25.5 + 0.72 + 0.2 +? +? = 27 hli

Yog C = 1.0F, Tcharging = 135 sec = 2.5 minuntes

Yog C = 2.5F, Tcharging = 337 sec = 5.7 minuntes

Yog C = 5.0F, Tcharging = 675 sec = 11 minuntes

Los ntawm qhov kev xav, peb tuaj yeem xav tias qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tas li yog kwv yees: W = I * V = 2.5W

Hauv lub capacitor, ib tus tuaj yeem khaws qee yam zog: W = 0.5 * C * V^2

Los ntawm cov qauv no, lub peev xwm tuaj yeem suav tau:

• Kuv xav kos x Watts rau t Thib Ob, kuv xav tau lub peev xwm ntau npaum li cas (Txuas)? C = 2*T*W/(Vstart^2 - Vend^2) = 5.9F
• Kuv xav kos x Amps rau t Thib Ob, kuv xav tau lub peev xwm ntau npaum li cas? C = Kuv*T/(Vstart-Vend) = 4.55F

Yog tias peb xaiv tus nqi hluav taws xob ua 5F:

• Ntev npaum li cas nws yuav siv sijhawm los them/tso lub capacitor no nrog qhov txuas tam sim no (Txuas)? Tdischarge = C*(Vstart-Vend)/I = 11.0 sec
• Ntev npaum li cas nws yuav siv sijhawm los them/tso lub capacitor no nrog lub zog tas li (W)? Tdischarge = 0.5*C*(Vstart^2-Vend^2)/W = 8.47 sec

Yog tias siv Tus Nqi = 25ohm qhov them tam sim no yuav yog

Thiab lub sijhawm kwv yees kwv yees: Tcharging = 625 sec = 10.5 feeb

Kauj Ruam 4: Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas

Kev teeb tsa sib txawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm tau sim. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev sim Arduino tswj kev teeb tsa teeb tsa tau tsim. Cov duab qhia hauv cov duab yav dhau los.

Peb qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob sib txawv tau ntsuas thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws nrog txoj kev xav. Txij li qhov thauj khoom tam sim no qis dua li qhov ntsuas ntsuas diode qhov poob qis rau pem hauv ntej qis dua me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tuaj yeem pom qhov ntsuas super capacitor voltage sib xws raws qhov kev xav theoretical.

Hauv daim duab hauv qab no, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov ntsuas ib txwm nrog 2.5F capacitor. Lub sijhawm them lub sijhawm haum zoo nrog tus nqi theoretical ntawm 340sec. Tom qab 100 vib nas this ntxiv lub zog hluav taws xob tau nce ntxiv tsuas yog 0.03V ntxiv, txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsis tsim nyog thiab hauv qhov ntsuas ntsuas yuam kev.

Ntawm tus lej otehr, ib tus tuaj yeem pom tias tom qab lub zog tsis ua haujlwm qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm Vout yog VdiodeF2 me dua li lub zog hluav taws xob Vcap. Qhov sib txawv yog dV = 0.23V = VdiodeF2 = 0.22V.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm ntsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus txuas. Raws li tuaj yeem pom cov txiaj ntsig tsis haum raws qhov theoretical calculations. Lub sijhawm ntsuas feem ntau zoo dua qhov suav, txhais tau tias qee qhov ua rau muaj kab mob parasitics tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv kev suav. Thaum saib cov kab hluav taws xob tsim ib tus tuaj yeem pom tias muaj ntau qhov tsis tau txhais zoo cov ntsiab lus txuas. Ib qho ntxiv, kev suav tsis suav nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo - thaum qhov hluav taws xob poob qhov tam sim no poob qis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau cog lus thiab nyob hauv qhov kev cia siab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Qee Qhov Ua Tau Zoo

Ib tus tuaj yeem txhim kho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog tias ib tus siv lub zog hloov pauv hloov lub diode tom qab lub zog loj. Peb tau txiav txim siab tias, txawm li cas los tus nqi siab dua qhov yooj yim diode muaj.

Kev them tus nqi hluav taws xob super dhau los ntawm diode (hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej ob lub diodes) txhais tau tias qhov hluav taws xob poob thiab qhov ntawd tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yog tias siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb them nqi IC. Ib zaug ntxiv, tus nqi yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb.

Xwb, qhov siab hloov sab tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog PNP hloov. Kev xav sai sai daws tau tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no. Txhua qhov hloov pauv tau tswj los ntawm zener diode uas tau siv los ntawm 24V cov tswv yim. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob nkag qis dua hauv qab qhov diode zener qhov hluav taws xob PNP hloov pauv ON thiab lwm qhov chaw siab hloov pauv OFF. Lub voj voog no tsis tau sim thiab feem ntau yuav xav tau qee qhov ntxiv (passive) cov khoom.

Kauj Ruam 6: Xaus

Cov kev ntsuas haum zoo heev nrog cov laij lej. Qhia tias kev kwv yees theoretical tuaj yeem siv tau-ua rau xav tsis thoob. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, xav tau me ntsis ntau dua 2.5F lub peev xwm los muab lub zog txaus rau lub sijhawm muab sijhawm.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lub tshuab hluav taws xob them hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li xav tau. Lub Circuit Court yog qhov yooj yim, pheej yig thiab txaus. Muaj qee qhov hais tsis zoo, txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi qis thiab yooj yim tau them rau qhov ntawd.

Vam tias qhov ntsiab lus me me no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qee leej.