Cov txheej txheem:
- Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
- Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Cheeb Tsam Xav Tau
- Kauj Ruam 3: Tshawb Nrhiav
- Kauj Ruam 4: Tus Qauv Tsim
- Kauj Ruam 5: Ib Qhov Soldered Version
- Kauj ruam 6: Software
- Kauj Ruam 7: Txhim Kho Nws ntawm Ib Leeg
- Kauj Ruam 8: Yuav Siv Li Cas
Video: Yooj Yim Arduino Hlau Ntes: 8 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24
*** Ib qho tshiab tau tshaj tawm uas yog qhov yooj yim dua: https://www.instructables.com/Minimal-Arduino-Metal-Detector/ ***
Kev txheeb xyuas hlau yog lub sijhawm zoo yav dhau los uas ua rau koj tawm mus sab nrauv, tshawb pom qhov chaw tshiab thiab tej zaum yuav pom qee yam ntxim nyiam. Txheeb xyuas koj cov cai hauv cheeb tsam seb yuav ua li cas thaum pom qhov tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj cov khoom phom sij, cov khoom qub qub qub lossis cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam lossis kev xav.
Cov lus qhia rau DIY ntsuas cov hlau muaj ntau, tab sis daim ntawv qhia no tshwj xeeb hauv kev nkag siab tias nws xav tau ob peb yam ntxiv nrog rau Arduino microcontroller: ib qho capacitor, resistor thiab diode tsim cov tub ntxhais, ua ke nrog kev tshawb fawb coil uas suav nrog ncig 20 windings ntawm hluav taws xob ua cable. LED's, tus hais lus thiab/lossis lub mloog pob ntseg yog tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau qhov qhia tias muaj cov hlau nyob ze ntawm cov kauj nrhiav. Ib qho ntxiv kom zoo dua yog txhua yam tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm ib leeg 5V lub zog, uas ib txwm muaj 2000mAh USB lub zog txaus thiab yuav siv sijhawm ntau teev.
Txhawm rau txhais cov cim thiab kom nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab zoo li cas lub ntsuas tau nkag siab, nws yeej pab nkag siab txog lub cev. Raws li txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob nkag mus rau cov khoom ntawm qhov deb lossis tob mus txog lub vojvoog ntawm cov kauj. Nws yog qhov rhiab tshaj plaws rau cov khoom uas tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub kauj, thiab cov lus teb yuav sib haum rau thaj tsam ntawm lub voj tam sim no hauv qhov khoom ntawd. Yog li cov hlau hlau nyob hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub kauj yuav muab cov lus teb muaj zog ntau dua li cov hlau sib dhos ib leeg rau ntawm lub kauj. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoom tsis txawv ntau. Ib daim nyias nyias ntawm cov ntawv txhuas uas tau taw qhia hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub kauj yuav muab cov lus teb muaj zog ntau dua li cov ntsia hlau hnyav.
Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Thaum hluav taws xob pib ntws los ntawm cov kauj, nws txhim tsa ib qho chaw sib nqus. Raws li Faraday txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, hloov chaw sib nqus yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob uas tawm tsam qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum. Yog li, qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsim hla cov kauj uas tawm tsam kev nce nqi tam sim no. Cov txiaj ntsig no hu ua tus kheej-inductance, thiab chav tsev inductance yog Henry, qhov uas ib lub coil ntawm 1 Henry txhim kho qhov sib txawv ntawm 1V thaum qhov hloov pauv tam sim no los ntawm 1 Ampere ib ob. Qhov inductance ntawm cov kauj nrog N windings thiab lub vojvoog R yog kwv yees li 5µH x N^2 x R, nrog R hauv meters.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas nyob ze ntawm lub kauj yuav hloov nws qhov inductance. Nyob ntawm hom hlau, qhov inductance tuaj yeem nce lossis txo qis. Cov hlau tsis sib nqus xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas nyob ze ntawm lub kauj txo qhov inductance, vim tias kev hloov pauv cov hlau nplaum yuav ua rau muaj dej ntws los ntawm cov khoom uas txo qhov kev siv ntawm thaj chaw sib nqus hauv zos. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li hlau, nyob ze ntawm lub kauj ua rau nws nce ntxiv vim tias qhov chaw sib nqus sib nqus ua ke nrog sab nraud sab nraud.
Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov inductance ntawm cov kauj tuaj yeem qhia pom muaj cov hlau nyob ze. Nrog Arduino, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub diode thiab tus tiv thaiv nws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov inductance ntawm cov kauj: ua cov kauj ib feem ntawm lub siab lim LR lim thiab pub rau qhov no nrog thaiv-nthwv dej, luv spikes yuav tsim nyob rau txhua kev hloov Lub plawv dhia ntev ntawm cov spikes no yog piv rau qhov inductance ntawm lub kauj. Qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm LR lim yog tau = L/R. Rau cov kauj ntawm 20 txoj hlua thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 cm, L ~ 5µH x 20^2 x 0.05 = 100µH. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Arduino los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau, qhov tsawg kawg tiv thaiv yog 200Ohm. Yog li peb cia siab tias pulses nrog qhov ntev txog 0.5 microsecond. Cov no nyuaj rau ntsuas ncaj qha nrog qhov tseeb, muab tias lub moos zaus ntawm Arduino yog 16MHz.
Hloov chaw, cov mem tes nce tuaj yeem siv los them tus nqi hluav taws xob, uas tom qab ntawv tuaj yeem nyeem tawm nrog Arduino analog rau digital hloov pauv (ADC). Qhov xav tau them los ntawm 0.5 microsecond mem tes ntawm 25mA yog 12.5nC, uas yuav muab 1.25V ntawm 10nF capacitor. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hla lub diode yuav txo qhov no. Yog tias cov mem tes tau rov ua ob peb zaug, tus nqi ntawm lub capacitor nce mus rau ~ 2V. Qhov no tuaj yeem nyeem tawm nrog Arduino ADC siv analogRead (). Tus capacitor tuaj yeem tso tawm sai sai los ntawm kev hloov tus pin nyeem ntawv mus rau qhov tso tawm thiab teeb nws mus rau 0V rau ob peb microseconds. Kev ntsuas tag nrho yuav siv txog 200 microseconds, 100 rau them thiab rov pib dua lub capacitor thiab 100 rau ADC hloov dua siab tshiab. Qhov tseeb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas qhov nruab nrab: ntsuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm 256 ntsuas yuav siv 50ms thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov ntsuas 16. 10-ntsis ADC ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm 14-ntsis ADC li no.
Qhov ntsuas no tau txais yog qhov tsis zoo nrog qhov inductance ntawm lub kauj thiab yog li ntawd tsis haum rau ntsuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov inductance. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev txheeb xyuas hlau peb tsuas yog xav paub qhov sib txawv me me ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kauj inductance vim muaj cov hlau nyob ze, thiab rau qhov txheej txheem no zoo kawg nkaus haum.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv software. Yog tias ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias feem ntau tsis muaj hlau nyob ze ntawm lub kauj, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog lub cim qhia tias hlau tau los ze rau ntawm lub kauj. Kev siv cov xim sib txawv lossis cov tones sib txawv tso cai rau kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm qhov nce sai lossis qhov poob qis hauv qhov inductance.
Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Cheeb Tsam Xav Tau
Cov tub ntxhais hluav taws xob:
Arduino UNO R3 + daim ntawv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv LOSSIS Arduino Nano nrog 5x7cm tsab ntawv pov thawj
10 nF capacitor
Cov teeb liab me me, piv txwv li 1N4148
220-ohm resistor
Rau lub zog:
USB power bank nrog cable
Rau cov zis pom:
2 LEDs ntawm cov xim sib txawv xws li xiav thiab ntsuab
2 220Ohm resistors txwv cov dej ntws
Rau lub suab tso tawm:
Lub suab nrov nrov
Microswitch kom kaw suab
Rau lub mloog pob ntseg tso zis:
Lub mloog pob ntseg txuas
1 kOhm resistor
Lub mloog pob ntseg
Txhawm rau txuas tau yooj yim/tshem tawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kauj:
2-pin ntsia hlau davhlau ya nyob twg
Rau kev tshawb nrhiav kauj:
~ 5 meters ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nyias
Tus qauv los tuav lub kauj. Yuav tsum tawv tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum tau ncig.
Rau cov qauv:
1meter lo, piv txwv li ntoo, yas lossis selfie stick.
Kauj Ruam 3: Tshawb Nrhiav
Rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, kuv raug mob ~ 4m ntawm cov xaim xaim nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub thawv ntawv uas muaj 9 cm txoj kab uas hla, ua rau kwv yees li 18 txoj hlua. Hom kab hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam, tsuav yog qhov tiv thaiv ohmic tsawg kawg kaum zaug me dua li tus nqi R hauv RL lim, yog li nco ntsoov nyob qis dua 20 Ohms. Kuv ntsuas 1 Ohm, yog li ntawd nyab xeeb. Tsuas yog noj ib nrab-tiav 10m yob ntawm txoj hlua txuas kuj ua haujlwm!
Kauj Ruam 4: Tus Qauv Tsim
Muab tus lej me me ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo kom haum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub khob cij me me ntawm daim thaiv daim ntawv pov thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig kawg yog qhov hnyav thiab tsis muaj zog heev. Zoo dua yog siv Arduino nano thiab txuas nws nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm 5x7cm tsab ntawv pov thawj, (saib cov kauj ruam tom ntej)
Tsuas yog 2 tus pin Arduino tau siv rau qhov kuaj pom cov hlau tiag, ib qho rau muab cov mem tes rau LR lim thiab ib qho rau nyeem tawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub capacitor. Pulsing tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib tus pin tso tawm tab sis kev nyeem ntawv yuav tsum ua tiav nrog ib qho ntawm cov pins analog A0-A5. 3 tus pin ntxiv tau siv rau 2 LEDs thiab rau lub suab tso tawm.
Nov yog daim ntawv qhia:
- Ntawm lub khob cij, txuas rau 220Ohm resistor, diode thiab 10nF capacitor hauv koob, nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub diode (kab dub) rau ntawm lub capacitor.
- Txuas A0 rau tus tiv thaiv (qhov kawg tsis txuas nrog lub diode)
- Txuas A1 mus rau qhov chaw hla tus taw tes ntawm diode thiab lub capacitor
- Txuas lub dav hlau tsis txuas nrog ntawm lub capacitor mus rau hauv av
- Txuas ib kawg ntawm cov kauj mus rau resistor-diode cross-point
- Txuas lwm qhov kawg ntawm lub kauj rau hauv av
- Txuas ib qho LED nrog nws lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo rau tus pin D12 thiab nws lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo los ntawm 220Ohm resistor rau hauv av
- Txuas lwm LED nrog nws lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo rau tus pin D11 thiab nws lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo los ntawm 220Ohm resistor rau hauv av
- Xaiv tau, txuas lub passive buzzer lub mloog pob ntseg lossis hais lus ntawm tus pin 10 thiab hauv av. Ib lub capacitor lossis resistor tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua ntu kom txo tau qhov ntim
Yog tag nrho!
Kauj Ruam 5: Ib Qhov Soldered Version
Txhawm rau nqa lub tshuab ntsuas hlau sab nraud, nws yuav tsum tau muab nws tso rau. Ib qho 7x5 cm tsab ntawv pov thawj lub rooj yooj yim haum rau Arduino nano thiab txhua yam khoom siv xav tau. Siv tib lub tswv yim ib yam li hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los. Kuv pom nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv hloov pauv hauv koob nrog lub suab nrov kom tua lub suab thaum tsis xav tau. Lub hau ntswj dav hlau tso cai rau sim tawm cov coils sib txawv yam tsis tas yuav siv cov laug. Txhua yam tau siv los ntawm 5V muab rau (mini- lossis micro-USB) chaw nres nkoj ntawm Arduino Nano.
Kauj ruam 6: Software
Daim duab kos Arduino siv tau txuas rau ntawm no. Upload thiab khiav nws. Kuv siv Arduino 1.6.12 IDE. Nws raug pom zoo kom khiav nws nrog debug = qhov tseeb thaum pib, txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas tus lej ntawm cov mem tes ib qhov ntsuas. Qhov zoo tshaj yog kom muaj ADC nyeem ntawv ntawm 200 thiab 300. Ua kom nce lossis txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov mem tes nyob rau hauv rooj plaub koj lub kauj muab ntau yam sib txawv nyeem.
Cov duab kos ua qee yam ntawm tus kheej ntsuas. Nws yog qhov txaus los tawm ntawm lub kauj nyob ntsiag to ntawm cov hlau kom nws mus ntsiag to. Kev qeeb qeeb hauv qhov inductance yuav ua raws, tab sis kev hloov pauv loj yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov nruab nrab mus sij hawm ntev.
Kauj Ruam 7: Txhim Kho Nws ntawm Ib Leeg
Txij li thaum koj tsis xav ua koj cov khoom muaj nqis yos hav zoov hla hauv pem teb, peb pawg thawj coj saib, kauj thiab roj teeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus pas. Selfie-stick yog qhov zoo rau qhov no, vim nws yog lub teeb, sib tsoo thiab kho tau. Kuv lub roj teeb 5000mAh tau tshwm sim kom haum rau ntawm tus kheej lo. Lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov hlua txuas lossis cov yas thiab cov kauj tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li lub roj teeb lossis tus pas.
Kauj Ruam 8: Yuav Siv Li Cas
Txhawm rau tsim qhov kev siv, nws txaus los tawm ntawm lub kauj ~ 5s deb ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub kauj tau ze rau ntawm cov hlau, lub ntsuab lossis xiav LED yuav pib ntsais muag thiab lub suab nrov yuav raug tsim tawm hauv lub suab nrov thiab/lossis lub mloog pob ntseg. Lub teeb xiav thiab lub suab nrov qis qhia tias muaj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nplaum. Lub teeb ntsuab thiab lub suab nrov nrov qhia tias muaj cov hlau ferromagnetic. Ceev faj tias thaum cov hlua khaws cia ntau dua 5 vib nas this nyob ze ntawm cov hlau, nws yuav siv qhov kev nyeem ntawv ntawd los ua qhov siv, thiab pib nrov nrov thaum lub ntsuas tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab ob peb feeb ntawm beeping hauv huab cua, nws yuav tig ntsiag to dua. Qhov zaus ntawm qhov muag thiab lub suab nrov qhia lub zog ntawm lub teeb liab. Zoo siab tua tsiaj!
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