DIY Kev Ua Tau Zoo 5V Tso Tawm Tawm Buck!: 7 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Kuv xav tau txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nqis qis dua los ntawm LiPo pob (thiab lwm qhov chaw) mus rau 5V rau cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob. Yav dhau los Kuv tau siv cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm eBay, tab sis qhov kev nug tsis zoo tswj thiab tsis muaj npe electrolytic capacitors tsis ua rau kuv muaj kev ntseeg siab.

Yog li, kuv txiav txim siab tias kuv yuav ua kuv tus kheej nqis nqis hloov pauv kom tsis tsuas yog twv kuv tus kheej tab sis kom ua qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig ib yam nkaus!

Qhov kuv tau xaus nrog yog tus hloov pauv phaw uas muaj qhov dav dav dav dav dav ntau (6V txog 50V input) thiab tso tawm 5V txog li 1A thauj khoom tam sim no txhua qhov hauv daim ntawv me. Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws uas kuv ntsuas tau yog 94% yog li tsis tsuas yog lub voj voog me me tab sis nws nyob txias ib yam nkaus.

Kauj Ruam 1: Xaiv Buck IC

Thaum koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua tus hloov pauv phaus nrog puv tes ntawm op-amps thiab lwm yam kev txhawb nqa, koj yuav tau txais kev ua tau zoo dua thiab yeej txuag tau ntau ntawm PCB thaj chaw yog tias koj hloov qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hloov pauv IC.

Koj tuaj yeem siv tshawb nrhiav thiab lim dej ntawm cov chaw xws li DigiKey, Mouser, thiab Farnell txhawm rau nrhiav IC haum rau koj xav tau. Hauv daim duab saum toj no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txaus ntshai 16, 453 ntu tau nqaim mus rau 12 qhov kev xaiv hauv ob peb nias xwb!

Kuv mus nrog MAX17502F hauv pob me me 3mm x 2mm, tab sis pob loj dua me ntsis tej zaum yuav zoo dua yog tias koj npaj rau ntawm tes ua cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov IC no muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog qhov ntau ntawm kev nkag mus txog 60V* thiab lub zog FET sab hauv uas txhais tau tias tsis xav tau MOSFET lossis Diode sab nraud.

*Nco tseg tias hauv cov lus qhia kuv tau hais tias nws yog 50V tawm tswv yim tab sis ib feem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm 60V? Qhov no yog vim lub peev txheej nkag thiab yog tias koj xav tau 60V cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum.

Kauj Ruam 2: Txheeb Daim Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Koj Qhov Xaiv IC

Ntau zaus tshaj qhov tsis muaj, yuav muaj dab tsi hu ua "Cov Ntawv Thov Siv Hauv Circuit" qhia hauv cov ntawv teev tseg uas yuav zoo ib yam li koj tab tom sim ua kom tiav. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb rau kuv cov ntaub ntawv thiab txawm hais tias ib tus tuaj yeem tsuas yog luam qhov feem cuam tshuam thiab hu nws ua tiav, Kuv xav kom ua raws cov txheej txheem tsim (yog tias muab).

Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm MAX17502F:

Pib ntawm nplooj 12 muaj txog kaum ob qhov sib npaug yooj yim heev uas tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov tsim nyog thiab nws tseem pab muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog qee qhov pib qhov txiaj ntsig - xws li tus nqi qis inductance.

Kauj Ruam 3: Xaiv Cheeb Tsam rau Koj Lub Vaj Tsev

Tos kuv xav tias peb twb tau ua ntu no lawm? Zoo, ntu yav dhau los yog txhawm rau nrhiav cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis hauv ntiaj teb tiag peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau cov khoom tsis zoo thiab cov lus ceeb toom uas tuaj nrog.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, Multi-Layered Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) tau siv rau kev tawm tswv yim thiab tso tawm cov capacitors. MLCCs muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob - tshwj xeeb hauv DC/DC hloov pauv - tab sis lawv raug rau qee yam hu ua DC Bias.

Thaum siv DC qhov hluav taws xob rau MLCC, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem poob qis txog 60%! Qhov no txhais tau tias koj 10µF capacitor tam sim no tsuas yog 4µF ntawm qee qhov DC voltage. Tsis ntseeg kuv? Saib ntawm TDK lub vev xaib thiab nqes mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tus yam ntxwv rau qhov 10µF capacitor.

Kev kho yooj yim rau hom teeb meem no yog qhov yooj yim, tsuas yog siv MLCC ntau dua. Qhov no kuj tseem pab txo qhov hluav taws xob ripple vim tias ESR tau txo qis thiab muaj ntau heev los pom hauv cov khoom lag luam uas xav tau kom tau raws li qhov kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob nruj.

Hauv cov duab saum toj no muaj cov txheej txheem thiab sib thooj Nqi ntawm Cov Khoom (BOM) los ntawm MAX17502F Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Khoom, yog li yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem zoo li nrhiav qhov kev xaiv ua tau zoo ces mus nrog qhov sim thiab sim piv txwv:)

Kauj Ruam 4: Tshaj tawm Cov Qauv thiab PCB Layout

Nrog koj cov khoom siv tau xaiv nws yog lub sijhawm los tsim cov phiaj xwm uas khaws cov khoom no, rau qhov no kuv xaiv EasyEDA raws li kuv tau siv nws ua ntej nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cias ntxiv koj cov khoom hauv, ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj cov hneev taw me me raug thiab txuas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ib yam li cov ntawv thov ua haujlwm yav dhau los.

Thaum qhov ntawd ua tiav, nyem rau ntawm "Hloov mus rau PCB" khawm thiab koj yuav raug coj mus rau PCB Layout ntu ntawm cov cuab yeej. Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog qee yam vim muaj ntau yam qhia hauv online txog EasyEDA.

PCB txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab nws tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court lossis tsis yog. Kuv yuav hais qhia kom ua raws txhua qhov kev qhia tawm tswv yim hauv daim ntawv ntawm IC uas muaj. Cov khoom siv sib piv muaj cov ntawv thov zoo ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm PCB Layout yog tias leej twg txaus siab:

Kauj Ruam 5: Txiav Koj Cov PCBs

Kuv paub tseeb tias koj feem ntau ntawm qhov no tau pom cov lus tshaj tawm hauv youtube yeeb yaj kiab rau JLCPCB thiab PCBway, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob uas kuv tau siv ib qho ntawm cov kev tshaj tawm no ib yam. Kuv xaj kuv cov PCBs los ntawm JLCPCB thiab lawv tuaj txog tsuas yog 2 lub lis piam tom qab, yog li ntawd los ntawm kev xav txog nyiaj txiag lawv zoo heev.

Raws li qhov zoo ntawm PCBs Kuv tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus siab kiag li, tab sis koj tuaj yeem yog tus txiav txim ntawm qhov ntawd:)

Kauj Ruam 6: Sib dhos thiab Xeem

Kuv txhais tes muab tag nrho cov khoom siv rau ntawm PCB dawb paug uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg txawm tias muaj chav nyob ntxiv uas kuv sab laug ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis muaj cov kev pabcuam sib dhos los ntawm JLCPCB thiab lwm tus neeg muag khoom PCB uas yuav tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau theem no.

Hooking zog rau lub input terminals thiab ntsuas cov zis, Kuv tau txais tos los ntawm 5.02V raws li pom los ntawm DMM. Thaum kuv txheeb xyuas qhov 5V tso tawm thoob plaws qhov hluav taws xob ntau, Kuv txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hla cov zis uas tau hloov kho rau 1A kos tam sim no.

Lub Buck pib ncaj qha nrog 1A load tam sim no thiab thaum kuv ntsuas qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob (ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm) nws yog 5.01V, yog li kev tswj hwm kev thauj khoom tau zoo heev. Kuv teeb qhov hluav taws xob nkag mus rau 12V vim qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej siv uas kuv tau xav hauv lub rooj tsavxwm no thiab kuv ntsuas qhov ntsuas tam sim no li 0.476A. Qhov no muab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kwv yees li 87.7% tab sis hom phiaj koj yuav xav tau plaub qhov kev ntsuas DMM rau kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo.

Ntawm 1A thauj khoom tam sim no kuv tau pom tias qhov ua tau zoo qis dua qhov xav tau, Kuv ntseeg tias qhov no yog vim (I^2 * R) poob hauv qhov inductor thiab hauv IC nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau lees paub qhov no, kuv teeb tsa lub nra tam sim no mus rau ib nrab thiab rov ua qhov ntsuas saum toj no kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm 94%. Qhov no txhais tau tias los ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov zis tam sim no lub zog poob tau raug txo los ntawm ~ 615mW mus rau ~ 300mW. Qee qhov poob yuav zam tsis tau, xws li hloov pauv kev poob hauv IC nrog rau tam sim no tam sim no, yog li kuv tseem zoo siab heev nrog qhov tshwm sim no.

Kauj Ruam 7: Suav Nrog Koj Cov PCB Raws Li Txoj Cai Rau Qee Qhov Haujlwm

Tam sim no koj muaj kev ruaj khov 5V 1A uas tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm 2S txog 11S lithium roj teeb pob, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm 6V thiab 50V, tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li muaj zog rau koj tus kheej cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob. Ua nws lub microcontroller raws lossis sib xyaw ua kom zoo ib yam, qhov hloov pauv me me no tuaj yeem ua txhua yam!

Kuv vam tias koj txaus siab rau txoj kev taug no thiab yog tias koj tau ua tiav qhov no, ua tsaug ntau ntau rau kev nyeem!