Haib Digital AC Dimmer Siv STM32: 15 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Los ntawm Hesam Moshiri, [email protected]

AC load nyob nrog peb! Vim tias lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig peb thiab tsawg kawg cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau muab nrog lub zog loj. Ntau hom khoom lag luam tseem siv nrog ib theem 220V-AC. Yog li ntawd, peb nquag ntsib cov xwm txheej uas peb xav tau kom muaj kev tswj hwm tag nrho (dimming) dhau AC load, xws li lub teeb, lub cav AC, lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub laum, … lwm yam Peb yuav tsum paub tias tswj AC load tsis yog yooj yim li DC load. Peb yuav tsum siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txawv thiab cov tswv yim. Ntxiv mus, yog tias AC dimmer tsim los ntawm digitally, nws tau txiav txim siab lub sijhawm thov tseem ceeb, thiab lub microcontroller tus lej yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Hauv kab lus no, Kuv tau qhia tawm ib qho 4000W digital AC dimmer uas muaj ob ntu: lub hauv paus thiab lub vaj huam sib luag. Lub rooj tsav xwm hauv vaj huam sib luag muab ob lub laub nyees khawm thiab xya-ntu tso saib uas tso cai rau tus neeg siv los kho qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm kom ntseeg tau.

Kauj Ruam 1: Daim duab 1, Schematic Diagram ntawm AC Dimmer's Mainboard

IC1, D1, thiab R2 tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus xoom hla. Cov ntsiab lus xoom-hla yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau AC dimmer. IC1 [1] yog optocoupler uas muab kev sib cais ntawm galvanic. R1 yog lub zog rub tawm uas txo cov suab nrov thiab tso cai rau peb ntes txhua qhov kev hloov pauv (ob qho tib si nce thiab nqis).

IC3 yog 25A ntsuas Triac los ntawm ST [2]. Qhov ntsuas tam sim no siab tso cai rau peb kom yooj yim mus txog 4000W dimming lub zog, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub ntawm Triac yuav tsum tau qis thiab ze rau chav sov. Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav tswj lub zog muaj zog ntau ntxiv, tsis txhob hnov qab teeb lub rhaub dej loj lossis siv lub kiv cua kom txias dua. Raws li cov ntawv teev tseg, Triac no tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv: "Cov ntawv thov suav nrog ON/OFF muaj nuj nqi hauv cov ntawv thov xws li kev xa rov qab zoo li qub, kev tswj cua sov, induction lub cev muaj zog pib ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam, lossis rau theem tswj kev ua haujlwm hauv lub teeb dimmers, kev tswj lub cev muaj zog, thiab zoo ib yam”.

C3 thiab R6, R4 thiab C4 yog snubbers. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, Snubber circuits tau siv los txo lub suab nrov, txawm li cas los xij rau kev nyeem ntawv ntau dua, thov xav txog daim ntawv thov AN437 los ntawm ST [3]. IC3 yog lub cev tsis tshua muaj Triac, txawm li cas los xij, kuv txiav txim siab siv cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraud ib yam nkaus.

IC2 yog optoisolator Triac [4] uas yog siv los tswj IC3. Nws kuj tseem ua kom raug rho tawm galvanic. R5 txwv cov diode tam sim no ntawm IC2.

IC4 yog lub npe nrov AMS1117 3.3V tus tswj hluav taws xob [5] uas muab lub zog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. C1 txo cov suab nrov tawm thiab C2 txo cov suab nrov tso tawm. P1 yog 2 tus pin txiv neej XH txuas uas tau siv los txuas lub zog sab nraud rau lub cuab yeej. Txhua qhov hluav taws xob nkag los ntawm 5V txog 9V txaus.

IC5 yog STM32F030F4 microcontroller thiab lub plawv ntawm Circuit [6]. Nws muab txhua cov lus qhia los tswj lub nra. P2 yog 2*2 tus txiv neej lub taub hau uas muab lub interface rau program microcontroller los ntawm SWD.

R7 thiab R8 yog rub tawm cov neeg tawm tsam rau lub pob khawm. Yog li ntawd lub laub khawm khawm nkag ntawm MCU tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm qis. C8, C9, thiab C10 tau siv los txo lub suab nrov raws li MCU cov ntawv teev tseg. L1, C5, C6, thiab C7 txo cov khoom siv suab nrov, tseem tsim thawj qhov kev txiav txim LC lim (Pi) los muab kev lim dej muaj zog rau lub suab tawm suab.

IDC1 yog 2*7 (14 tus pin) txiv neej IDC txuas uas tau siv los ua kom muaj kev sib txuas zoo ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub rooj tsav xwm los ntawm 14-txoj kev tiaj tus cable.

PCB txheej [mainboard]

Daim duab-2 qhia txog PCB txheej txheem ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws yog ob txheej txheej PCB tsim. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ntawm qhov thiab cov khoom siv digital yog SMD.

Kauj Ruam 2: Daim duab 2, PCB Layout ntawm AC Dimmer's Mainboard

Raws li nws tau pom meej hauv daim duab, pawg thawj coj tau faib ua ob ntu thiab cais tawm qhov muag siv IC1 thiab IC2. Kuv kuj tau ua qhov sib cais ntawm PCB, hauv qab IC2 thiab IC3. Cov kev nqa tam sim no siab tau ntxiv dag zog siv ob txheej saum toj thiab hauv qab thiab khi nrog Vias. IC3 tau muab tso rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, yog li nws yooj yim dua rau nruab lub rhaub dej kub. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nrog cov khoom siv tshwj tsis yog IC5. Pins yog nyias thiab ze rau ib leeg. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob ua tus choj txuas ntawm tus pin.

Siv cov khoom lag luam txheeb xyuas SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv rau TLP512 [7], MOC3021 [8], BTA26 [9], AMS1117 [10], thiab STM32F030F4 [11], txo qis kuv lub sijhawm tsim thiab tiv thaiv qhov ua yuam kev. Kuv tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lub sijhawm kuv tau nkim sijhawm ntau npaum li cas yog tias kuv npaj siab tsim cov cim qhia no thiab cov hneev taw ntawm PCB los ntawm kos. Txhawm rau siv Samacsys cov tsev qiv ntawv, koj tuaj yeem siv lub plugin rau koj nyiam CAD software [12] lossis rub tawm cov tsev qiv ntawv los ntawm cov khoom siv tshawb nrhiav. Txhua qhov kev pabcuam SamacSys/cov tsev qiv ntawv muaj pub dawb. Kuv siv Altium Designer, Yog li kuv nyiam siv SamacSys Altium plugin (Daim duab 3).

Kauj Ruam 3: Daim duab 3, Xaiv Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv Los Ntawm SamacSys Altium Plugin

Daim duab 4 qhia pom 3D los ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib. Daim duab 5 qhia txog kev sib sau ua ke lub rooj sib tham PCB los ntawm sab saum toj thiab daim duab 6 qhia txog kev sib sau ua ke lub rooj sib tham PCB los ntawm kev saib hauv qab. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tau muab tso rau ntawm txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus. Plaub lub Cheebtsam SMD raug muab tso rau hauv qab txheej. Hauv daim duab-6, PCB qhov sib cais sib cais tau meej.

Kauj Ruam 4: Daim duab 4, 3D Pom Los Ntawm PCB Pawg Thawj Coj

Kauj Ruam 5: Daim duab 5/6, Sib Sau Ua Ke PCB (saib sab saum toj/hauv qab saib)

Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob [vaj huam sib luag] Daim duab 7 qhia txog daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. SEG1 yog ob tus lej sib npaug sib npaug-cathode xya-ntu.

Kauj Ruam 6: Daim duab 7, Schematic Diagram ntawm AC Dimmer's Panel

R1 rau R7 resistors txwv qhov tam sim no rau xya-ntu LEDs. IDC1 yog 7*2 (14 tus pin) txiv neej IDC txuas, yog li 14-txoj kev tiaj tus hlau muab kev txuas rau lub hauv paus. SW1 thiab SW2 yog lub pob nyem yooj yim. P1 thiab P2 yog 2-pins XH txiv neej txuas. Kuv tau muab rau lawv rau cov neeg siv uas npaj siab siv lub vaj huam sib luag sab nraud khawm tsis txhob siv onboard tactile pushbuttons.

Q1 thiab Q2 yog N-Channel MOSFETs [13] uas tau siv los qhib/OFF txhua ntu ntawm xya ntu. R8 thiab R9 yog rub tawm cov neeg tawm tsam kom tuav lub rooj vag ntawm MOSFETs qis, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis xav tau ntawm MOSFETs.

PCB Layout [vaj huam sib luag]

Daim duab 8 qhia txog PCB kev teeb tsa ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Nws yog ob txheej txheej PCB pawg thawj coj thiab txhua yam khoom siv tshwj tsis yog IDC txuas thiab cov khoom siv khawm yooj yim yog SMD.

Kauj Ruam 7: Daim duab 8, PCB Layout ntawm AC Dimmer's Panelboard

Tsuas yog rau xya-ntu thiab thawb lub pob (yog tias koj tsis siv cov nyees khawm sab nraud), lwm yam khoom siv tau muab tso rau hauv qab txheej. IDC txuas kuj tseem tau muab tso rau hauv qab txheej.

Zoo ib yam li cov ntawv tseem ceeb, Kuv tau siv SamacSys cov khoom lag luam muaj cov tsev qiv ntawv (cov cim cim, PCB hneev taw, qauv 3D) rau 2N7002 [14]. Daim duab 9 qhia txog Altium plugin thiab cov khoom siv xaiv los teeb tsa hauv daim ntawv Schematic.

Kauj Ruam 8: Daim duab 9, Xaiv Cheeb Tsam (2N7002) Los ntawm SamacSys Altium Plugin

Daim duab 10 qhia txog 3D pom los ntawm sab saud thiab hauv qab ntawm daim phiaj. Daim duab 11 qhia pom sab saum toj los ntawm cov rooj sib tham ua ke thiab daim duab 12 qhia pom hauv qab los ntawm cov rooj sib tham ua ke.

Kauj Ruam 9: Daim duab 10, 3D Pom Los Ntawm Sab Saum thiab Hauv Qab Ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj

Kauj Ruam 10: Daim duab 11/12, Sab Pem Hauv Ntej/Hauv Qab Los Ntawm Cov Rooj Sib Tham Cov Rooj Sib Tham

Cov txiaj ntsig Daim duab 13 qhia txog daim duab thaiv ntawm AC Dimmer. Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim yoj yoj siv lub oscilloscope, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txuas koj lub oscilloscope sojntsuam hauv av coj mus rau qhov dimmer tso zis lossis tsis pom qhov twg ntawm lub ntsiab.

Ceev faj: Tsis txhob txuas koj lub oscilloscope sojntsuam ncaj qha mus rau lub hauv paus loj. Kev sojntsuam hauv av tuaj yeem tsim lub voj kaw nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Nws yuav tawg txhua yam hauv txoj kev, suav nrog koj lub Circuit Court, sojntsuam, oscilloscope, lossis txawm tias koj tus kheej

Kauj Ruam 11: Daim duab 13, Daim Kab Xaim ntawm AC Dimmer

Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, koj muaj 3 txoj kev xaiv. Siv qhov kev soj ntsuam sib txawv, siv cov oscilloscope ntab (feem ntau ntawm oscilloscopes yog hauv qab qhov hais txog), siv 220V-220V cais kev hloov pauv, lossis tsuas yog siv qhov hloov pauv pheej yig-nqis, xws li 220V-6V lossis 220V-12V … thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov vis dis aus thiab daim duab -11, Kuv tau siv txoj hauv kev kawg (hloov pauv qis) los tshuaj xyuas qhov tso tawm.

Daim duab 14 qhia txog chav AC dimmer tiav. Kuv tau txuas ob lub laug cam siv 14-txoj kev tiaj tus hlau.

Kauj Ruam 12: Daim duab 14, Ua tiav Digital AC Dimmer Unit

Daim duab 15 qhia cov xoom-hla cov ntsiab lus thiab Triac lub sijhawm ON/OFF. Raws li nws tau pom meej, ob qho tib si nce/ntog ntug ntawm cov mem tes tau txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob ntsib qhov flickering thiab tsis ruaj khov.

Kauj Ruam 13: Daim duab 15, Xoom Hla Hla Cov Ntsiab Lus (Purple Waveform)

Kauj Ruam 14: Cov Nqi Khoom

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv 630V cov ntsuas hluav taws xob rau C3 thiab C4.

Kauj Ruam 15: Cov neeg ua tim khawv

Kab lus:

[1]: TLP521 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[2]: BTA26 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[3]: AN437, ST Daim Ntawv Thov Ceeb Toom:

[4]: MOC3021 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[5]: AMS1117-3.3 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[6]: STM32F030F4 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[7]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm TLP521:

[8]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm MOC3021:

[9]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm BTA26-600:

[10]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm AMS1117-3.3:

[11]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm STM32F030F4:

[12]: Electronic CAD Plugins:

[13]: 2N7002 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[14]: Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev taw ntawm 2N7002: